Chapter 24: Kingdom Plantae Flashcards
Node
Points on a stem where new branches and leaves develop
Internode
Region between nodes where no branching occurs
Axillary Bud
Junction between petiole and stem
e.g. leaf bud
Apical bud
Tip of a plant or tip of a branch
e.g. flower bud
Function of roots
Anchors, absorbs
Food source
Support
Types of roots
Tap
Fibrous
Adventitious
Tap root
Main root with smaller roots growing from it
Dandelion
Carrot
Fibrous root
Many smaller roots growing from main plant
Glass
Clovers
Adventitious root
Smaller roots grow from anywhere on the stem or branches of the plant
Ivy
Bryan trees
Function of the stem
Support the aerial parts of the plant
Storage (stem tubar of a potato)
Photosynthesis
Monocots
- 1 cotyledon
- Parallel veins
- Long, narrow leaf
- Scattered vascular bundles
- Flower parts in multiples
Dicots
- 2 cotyledon
- Netted veins
- Broad leaf
- Vascular bundles in rings
- Flower parts in four or five
Function of leaves
Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Food storage, e.g. cabbage
Lenticels
Opening of the leaf that allows for gaseous exchange
Xylem tracheids
Tapered ends
Pits present
Lignified walls
Separate cells
Xylem vessels
Cylindrical cells Connected end-to-end Form a piping system Lignified walls for strength Pits (lateral movement of water)
Longitudinal section of phloem
Elongated sieve elements to allow movement of materials
Companion cell controls sieve tube
Cotyledon
Embryonic seed leaf
• Direct food source
Meristem
Unspecialized tissues continuously dividing by mitosis
Daytime
Plant photosynthesizes and excrete oxygen through stomata
Night
No photosynthesis and excretes carbon dioxide
Bud
An undeveloped shoot
Different Parts of a Plant
Zone of Protection
Zone of Cell Production (mitosis)
Zone of Elongation (growth regulators)
Zone of Differentiation
