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ANA 201 > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

contractile cells of the heart

  • account for ___% of the entire heart tissue
  • responsible for _____ of the heart
  • activated by change in ________
A

99

contracting

membrane potential

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2
Q

conducting cells of the heart

-responsible for ____ing and ____ing impulses in the heart

A

generat

distribut

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3
Q

conducting cells of the heart have autonimity

T/F

A

T

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4
Q

SA and AV nodes are the _____ of the heart

A

pace setters

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5
Q

SINOATRIAL NODE(SA)

  • found in the (anterior or posterior?) wall of the ____
  • contains pace maker cells
  • generates impulse and sends it to the ____ through the _____ pathways
A

Posterior

right atrium

AV node

internodal

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6
Q

AV NODE

  • found in the ____ of the ______
  • collects impulse from —— through the internodal pathway and passes it to the _____ or_____
A

floor

right atrium

SA

AV bundle or bundle of his

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7
Q

SA-AV-bundle of his-bundle branches- ______

A

purkinje fibers

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8
Q

the purkinje fibers distribute the impulse to the contractile cells, trigger _______ after _______ has been completed

A

ventricular contraction

atrial contraction

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9
Q

then ______ makes up the bulk of the heart

A

Myocardium

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10
Q

CARDIAC TAMPONADE

  • as a result of pericardial _____
  • leading the ______ on the heart
  • and the vessels not being able to expand properly
A

effusion

too much pressure

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11
Q

HEART

  • muscular pump
  • describe how blood moves
A

blood from SVC and IVC enter rt atrium, then rt ventricle, then through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs then oxygenated blood comes through the pulmonary veins to the lt atrium then the left ventricle then aorta to the rest of the body

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12
Q

APEX OF THE HEART

  • formed by the _____ part of the left ventricle
  • lies post to the __th inter coastal space in adults
  • it’s the region of ____
A

inferio lateral

5

maximal pulsation

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13
Q

BASE OF THE HEART

  • formed mainly by the ______ and. ______ back part of the _____
  • bounded above by the _______________
  • bounded below by the post part of the ______ which contains the ____
A

left atrium

small

rt atrium

bifurcation of the pulmonary artery

cornonary sulcus;

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14
Q

BORDERS OF THE HEART

  • 4
  • (1)right border- is made up of the right ____
  • (2)left border- made up of left _____ ,left ____
  • (3)inferior border-mainly ____ and _____
  • (4)superior border-_____ atrias,____ auricles, and the _____
A

atrium

ventricle

auricle

right ventricle; left ventricle

both

both

great vessels

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15
Q

RIGHT ATRIUM

-receives (arterial or venous?) blood from the ___ and ____ through its_____ wall

A

Venous

SVC and IVC

posterior

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16
Q

smooth posterior wall of right atrium is called ______

A

sinus venarum

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17
Q

rough anterior wall of right atrium is due to _____

A

pectinate muscles

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18
Q

fossa ovalis on the _________ piercing

A

inter atrial septum

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19
Q

Fossa ovalis is a _____ of the _____ used to ____ blood from the _____ to ______ at the _____ level

A

remnant

foramen ovali

shunt

right atrium to the left

embryonic

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20
Q

Right atrium doesn’t have AV orifice

T/F

A

F

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21
Q

smooth and rough wall of the right atrium are separated internally by _____ and externally by ____

A

crista terminalis

sulcus terminalis

22
Q

LEFT ATRIUM

-receives (oxygenated or deoxygenated ?) blood from the ______ that pierce its (ant or post?) walls

A

oxygenated

pulmonary veins

Post

23
Q

Left atrium

Rough post wall
-smooth anterior walls pectinate muscles

T/F

A

F
F

Flip it

24
Q

Whose walls are thicker , right or left atrium

Who has a larger auricle , right or left atrium

A

Left atrium; it’s walls are thicker than rt atrium

Right atrium has a bigger auricle

25
Q

RIGHT VENTRICLE

  • receives blood from the ______ through the ____ which is ___
  • tapers to form the _____ that leads to the ______
  • the interior has muscular elevations called ____
  • conical muscular projections on its wall called ____
A

right atrium

AV orifice

tricuspid

conus arteriosus; pulmonary trunk orifice

traberculae carnae

papillary muscles

26
Q

Right ventricle

_________ connect the papillary muscles to the _____ of the cusps of the tricuspid valve

  • the tricuspid valve has the cusps(____,____,____)
  • a _______ runs from the base of the IVseptum to the base of the ant papillary muscles
A

chodae tendinae

sides

anterior,posterior,septal

moderator band

27
Q

LEFT VENTRICLE
-receives blood from the _____ through the ______ valve

-tapered to form the ________ leading to the aortic orifices

A

left atrium

mitral/bicuspid

smooth wall aortic vestibule

28
Q

Which ventricle performs more work
Which ventricle has thicker walls
Which ventricle has less numerous traberculae carne
Which ventricle has larger papillary muscles

A

Left

Left

Right

Left

29
Q

AORTA

  • largest artery
  • pumps blood to the whole body besides the ____
  • 3 parts

(1) ascending aorta :lies within the ____ and has 2 branches of ________ (lt and rt)
(2) aortic arch:branches are the ____,___,___
(3) descending aorta: runs straight down through the ___ to supply the ____

A

lungs

pericardium; coronary arteries

right brachiocephalic trunk,left subclavian artery,left common carotid artery

diaphragm; abdomen

30
Q

Clinical issue:Aortic dissection

When there’s a ___ in the wall of the aorta, lead to ____ for blood flow. Blood in the space created by the tear has no where to go and just keep ____ and ____ ,reducing the blood flow through the lumen, ____ing the wall of the aorta and leading to further dilation causing _____

A

tear

two passage

increasing and expanding

weaken

Aortic aneurysm

31
Q

PULMONARY TRUNK

  • ___cm long, __cm wide.
  • bifurcates into _______ at the level of __-___
A

5; 3

two pulmonary arteries

T5-T6

32
Q

Right pulmonary artery goes to ___ lung

-left pulmonary artery goes to the ___ lung

A

right

left

33
Q

Which pulmonary artery is longer and which is thicker?

A

Right

34
Q

PULMONARY VEINS

  • receives (oxygenated or deoxygenated ?) blood from the ___ and supply to the ___ side of the heart
  • there are __ pulmonary veins
A

Oxygenated

lungs

left

4

35
Q

SVC

  • receives blood from the every where (above or below?) the diaphragm EXCEPT _____ and ___
  • formed by the merging of the ______ veins
  • drains into the (superior or Inferior?) portion of the _____ at the level of the ___ rib
A

above

lungs and heart

brachiocephalic veins

Superior

right atrium

third

36
Q

IVC

  • blood from all that is (above or below?) the diaphragm
  • formed by the merging of the ______ in the _____
  • enters the pericardium at ___
  • drains into the (supper or inferior?) portion of the right atrium
A

Below

rt and lt iliac common veins

pelvis

T8

Inferior

37
Q

ARTERIES

  • left(dominant in ___% of people) and right(usually dominant in people) coronary arteries from the ascending aorta
  • lca and rca take (oxygenated or deoxygenated?) blood to the ____
  • lca and rca run in the _____
A

10

Oxygenated

heart

AV groove

38
Q

RCA branches :

  • _______ artery
  • ______ artery
  • __ branch
  • ____ branch
A

posterior interventricular

right marginal

SA

AV node

39
Q

LCA branches

  • _____ artery
  • _____ artery
  • _____ artery
A

anterior IV

left marginal

circumflex

40
Q

RCA supplies

  • ____ atrium
  • ____ ventricle (most part)
  • small part of ___ ventricle
  • _____ of _____ (posterior part)
  • ______ sulcus
  • SA (___% of people)and AV NODE(__% of people)
A

right

right

left

1/3 of AV septum

posterior IV

60; 80

41
Q

LCA supplies

  • ___ atrium
  • most of ___ ventricle
  • ____ ventricle(small part)
  • ____ sulcus
  • SA node in ____% of people
A

left

left

Right

anterior IV

40

42
Q

VEINS! Of the heart
-originating from the ___ in the ____

  • ____ vein of left atrium
  • _____ vein(l)
  • ___cardiac vein (_____)
  • ____of left ventricle
  • several small ant cardiac veins
A

coronary sinus

coronary sulcus

oblique

marginal

smallest; venae cordis minimae

post vein

43
Q

______ vein runs with ant IV artery

_______ vein runs with post IV artery

_______ vein also runs with post

A

great cardiac

middle cardiac

small cardiac

44
Q

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

  • lymph flows from the ____ CT and ___ CT into the ______ plexus
  • the lymph vessels pass through the _____ and follow the arteries
A

myocardium

endocardium

sub epicardial

coronary groove

45
Q

Referred pain

  • damage of the tissue of the heart can lead to pain being felt in _____ and in the ___ and ____
  • this pain can be felt in region because some of the ___ in this region have their ___ in the same ______ and secondary neuron spinal segment as the _______ from the heart
A

that region

left jaw

left arm

dermatomes

cell body

dorsal root ganglion

general visceral afferent

46
Q

INNERVATIONS of the heart

  • innervated by ____
  • receives contributions from left and right ___ nerves and _____
A

cardiac plexus

vagus

sympathetic trunk

47
Q

Cardiac plexus is made up of ____ and _____ systems

it can be divided into 2, _____ and ___ nerves

A

para and sympa

deep and superficial

48
Q

deep cardiac nerves (between _____ and _____

  • superficial cardiac nerves ((above or below?) _____
  • small mixed fibers(contains both para and sympa fibers ) that branch off to supply the _____,____, and ____
A

arch of aorta and bifurcation of trachea

Below; arch of aorta

myocardium, coronary vasculature, and conducting system

49
Q

PARA innervation

  • receive contribution from only the ____ nerve
  • (reducing or increasing ?) heart rate
  • (reducing or increasing ?) rate of contraction
  • vaso____ of coronary arteries

SYMPA innervations

  • ___ease heart rate
  • ____ease rate of contraction
  • Vado____
A

vagus

Reducing

Reducing

constriction

Incr
Incr

dilation

50
Q

CARDIAC AFFERENTS

  • carry signals to the ____
  • Vagal cardiac nerve gives feedback on ____
A

CNS

blood pressure

ANA 201 (34 decks)

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