The Heart Flashcards
contractile cells of the heart
- account for ___% of the entire heart tissue
- responsible for _____ of the heart
- activated by change in ________
99
contracting
membrane potential
conducting cells of the heart
-responsible for ____ing and ____ing impulses in the heart
generat
distribut
conducting cells of the heart have autonimity
T/F
T
SA and AV nodes are the _____ of the heart
pace setters
SINOATRIAL NODE(SA)
- found in the (anterior or posterior?) wall of the ____
- contains pace maker cells
- generates impulse and sends it to the ____ through the _____ pathways
Posterior
right atrium
AV node
internodal
AV NODE
- found in the ____ of the ______
- collects impulse from —— through the internodal pathway and passes it to the _____ or_____
floor
right atrium
SA
AV bundle or bundle of his
SA-AV-bundle of his-bundle branches- ______
purkinje fibers
the purkinje fibers distribute the impulse to the contractile cells, trigger _______ after _______ has been completed
ventricular contraction
atrial contraction
then ______ makes up the bulk of the heart
Myocardium
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
- as a result of pericardial _____
- leading the ______ on the heart
- and the vessels not being able to expand properly
effusion
too much pressure
HEART
- muscular pump
- describe how blood moves
blood from SVC and IVC enter rt atrium, then rt ventricle, then through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs then oxygenated blood comes through the pulmonary veins to the lt atrium then the left ventricle then aorta to the rest of the body
APEX OF THE HEART
- formed by the _____ part of the left ventricle
- lies post to the __th inter coastal space in adults
- it’s the region of ____
inferio lateral
5
maximal pulsation
BASE OF THE HEART
- formed mainly by the ______ and. ______ back part of the _____
- bounded above by the _______________
- bounded below by the post part of the ______ which contains the ____
left atrium
small
rt atrium
bifurcation of the pulmonary artery
cornonary sulcus;
BORDERS OF THE HEART
- 4
- (1)right border- is made up of the right ____
- (2)left border- made up of left _____ ,left ____
- (3)inferior border-mainly ____ and _____
- (4)superior border-_____ atrias,____ auricles, and the _____
atrium
ventricle
auricle
right ventricle; left ventricle
both
both
great vessels
RIGHT ATRIUM
-receives (arterial or venous?) blood from the ___ and ____ through its_____ wall
Venous
SVC and IVC
posterior
smooth posterior wall of right atrium is called ______
sinus venarum
rough anterior wall of right atrium is due to _____
pectinate muscles
fossa ovalis on the _________ piercing
inter atrial septum
Fossa ovalis is a _____ of the _____ used to ____ blood from the _____ to ______ at the _____ level
remnant
foramen ovali
shunt
right atrium to the left
embryonic
Right atrium doesn’t have AV orifice
T/F
F
smooth and rough wall of the right atrium are separated internally by _____ and externally by ____
crista terminalis
sulcus terminalis
LEFT ATRIUM
-receives (oxygenated or deoxygenated ?) blood from the ______ that pierce its (ant or post?) walls
oxygenated
pulmonary veins
Post
Left atrium
Rough post wall
-smooth anterior walls pectinate muscles
T/F
F
F
Flip it
Whose walls are thicker , right or left atrium
Who has a larger auricle , right or left atrium
Left atrium; it’s walls are thicker than rt atrium
Right atrium has a bigger auricle
RIGHT VENTRICLE
- receives blood from the ______ through the ____ which is ___
- tapers to form the _____ that leads to the ______
- the interior has muscular elevations called ____
- conical muscular projections on its wall called ____
right atrium
AV orifice
tricuspid
conus arteriosus; pulmonary trunk orifice
traberculae carnae
papillary muscles
Right ventricle
_________ connect the papillary muscles to the _____ of the cusps of the tricuspid valve
- the tricuspid valve has the cusps(____,____,____)
- a _______ runs from the base of the IVseptum to the base of the ant papillary muscles
chodae tendinae
sides
anterior,posterior,septal
moderator band
LEFT VENTRICLE
-receives blood from the _____ through the ______ valve
-tapered to form the ________ leading to the aortic orifices
left atrium
mitral/bicuspid
smooth wall aortic vestibule
Which ventricle performs more work
Which ventricle has thicker walls
Which ventricle has less numerous traberculae carne
Which ventricle has larger papillary muscles
Left
Left
Right
Left
AORTA
- largest artery
- pumps blood to the whole body besides the ____
- 3 parts
(1) ascending aorta :lies within the ____ and has 2 branches of ________ (lt and rt)
(2) aortic arch:branches are the ____,___,___
(3) descending aorta: runs straight down through the ___ to supply the ____
lungs
pericardium; coronary arteries
right brachiocephalic trunk,left subclavian artery,left common carotid artery
diaphragm; abdomen
Clinical issue:Aortic dissection
When there’s a ___ in the wall of the aorta, lead to ____ for blood flow. Blood in the space created by the tear has no where to go and just keep ____ and ____ ,reducing the blood flow through the lumen, ____ing the wall of the aorta and leading to further dilation causing _____
tear
two passage
increasing and expanding
weaken
Aortic aneurysm
PULMONARY TRUNK
- ___cm long, __cm wide.
- bifurcates into _______ at the level of __-___
5; 3
two pulmonary arteries
T5-T6
Right pulmonary artery goes to ___ lung
-left pulmonary artery goes to the ___ lung
right
left
Which pulmonary artery is longer and which is thicker?
Right
PULMONARY VEINS
- receives (oxygenated or deoxygenated ?) blood from the ___ and supply to the ___ side of the heart
- there are __ pulmonary veins
Oxygenated
lungs
left
4
SVC
- receives blood from the every where (above or below?) the diaphragm EXCEPT _____ and ___
- formed by the merging of the ______ veins
- drains into the (superior or Inferior?) portion of the _____ at the level of the ___ rib
above
lungs and heart
brachiocephalic veins
Superior
right atrium
third
IVC
- blood from all that is (above or below?) the diaphragm
- formed by the merging of the ______ in the _____
- enters the pericardium at ___
- drains into the (supper or inferior?) portion of the right atrium
Below
rt and lt iliac common veins
pelvis
T8
Inferior
ARTERIES
- left(dominant in ___% of people) and right(usually dominant in people) coronary arteries from the ascending aorta
- lca and rca take (oxygenated or deoxygenated?) blood to the ____
- lca and rca run in the _____
10
Oxygenated
heart
AV groove
RCA branches :
- _______ artery
- ______ artery
- __ branch
- ____ branch
posterior interventricular
right marginal
SA
AV node
LCA branches
- _____ artery
- _____ artery
- _____ artery
anterior IV
left marginal
circumflex
RCA supplies
- ____ atrium
- ____ ventricle (most part)
- small part of ___ ventricle
- _____ of _____ (posterior part)
- ______ sulcus
- SA (___% of people)and AV NODE(__% of people)
right
right
left
1/3 of AV septum
posterior IV
60; 80
LCA supplies
- ___ atrium
- most of ___ ventricle
- ____ ventricle(small part)
- ____ sulcus
- SA node in ____% of people
left
left
Right
anterior IV
40
VEINS! Of the heart
-originating from the ___ in the ____
- ____ vein of left atrium
- _____ vein(l)
- ___cardiac vein (_____)
- ____of left ventricle
- several small ant cardiac veins
coronary sinus
coronary sulcus
oblique
marginal
smallest; venae cordis minimae
post vein
______ vein runs with ant IV artery
_______ vein runs with post IV artery
_______ vein also runs with post
great cardiac
middle cardiac
small cardiac
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
- lymph flows from the ____ CT and ___ CT into the ______ plexus
- the lymph vessels pass through the _____ and follow the arteries
myocardium
endocardium
sub epicardial
coronary groove
Referred pain
- damage of the tissue of the heart can lead to pain being felt in _____ and in the ___ and ____
- this pain can be felt in region because some of the ___ in this region have their ___ in the same ______ and secondary neuron spinal segment as the _______ from the heart
that region
left jaw
left arm
dermatomes
cell body
dorsal root ganglion
general visceral afferent
INNERVATIONS of the heart
- innervated by ____
- receives contributions from left and right ___ nerves and _____
cardiac plexus
vagus
sympathetic trunk
Cardiac plexus is made up of ____ and _____ systems
it can be divided into 2, _____ and ___ nerves
para and sympa
deep and superficial
deep cardiac nerves (between _____ and _____
- superficial cardiac nerves ((above or below?) _____
- small mixed fibers(contains both para and sympa fibers ) that branch off to supply the _____,____, and ____
arch of aorta and bifurcation of trachea
Below; arch of aorta
myocardium, coronary vasculature, and conducting system
PARA innervation
- receive contribution from only the ____ nerve
- (reducing or increasing ?) heart rate
- (reducing or increasing ?) rate of contraction
- vaso____ of coronary arteries
SYMPA innervations
- ___ease heart rate
- ____ease rate of contraction
- Vado____
vagus
Reducing
Reducing
constriction
Incr
Incr
dilation
CARDIAC AFFERENTS
- carry signals to the ____
- Vagal cardiac nerve gives feedback on ____
CNS
blood pressure
