Muscles Of The Thigh Flashcards
muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the
Femoral nerve(L2,L3,L4)
General Action of muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh
extend the leg at the knee joint.
List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh
Pectineus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris
End of iliopsoas muscle
Origin and insertion of iliopsoas muscle
The psoas major originates from the lumbar vertebrae, and the iliacus originates from the iliac fossa of the pelvis. They insert together onto the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Action of iliopsoas
Flexed thigh at hip joint
Innervation of the Iliopsoas
Iliacus-femoral nerve
Psoas- ventral rami of L11-L3
Longest muscle in the body?
Sartorius
List the muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis,medialis,intermedius
Which muscle forms the main bulk of the thigh
Quadriceps femoris
Insertion of quadriceps femoris
Into the patella through the quadriceps tendon
Patella attaches to tibia through the —-
Patellar ligament
Origin of vastus lateralis
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of Linea aspera
Action of vastus lateralis
Extends knee joint, stabilizes patella
Origin of vastus intermedius
Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur
Action of Vastus Intermedius
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella.
Origin of Vastus Medialis
The intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera
Actions of Vastus Medialis
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella
Origin of Rectus Femoris
Originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine and the area of the ilium immediately superior to the acetabulum.
Insertion of rectus femoris
Patella through quadriceps tendon
Action of rectus femoris
It flexes the thigh at the hip joint, and extends at the knee joint.
Sartorius runs ——- down the thigh
Inferomedially
Most superficial muscle of the anterior thigh
Sartorius
Origin of Sartorius
Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion of sartorius
attaches to the superior, medial surface of the tibia.
Actions of sartorius
At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.
Which muscle forms part of the base of the femoral triangle
Pectineus
INNERVATION of the pectineus muscle
Femoral nerve. May also receive a branch from the obturator nerve.
Actions of the pectineus muscle
Adduction and flexion at the hip joint.
Origin of pectineus muscle
It originates from the pectineal line on the anterior surface of the pelvis,
Insertion of pectineus muscle
attaches to the pectineal line on the posterior side of the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter.
Which muscle can be used to test the femoral nerve in cases of suspected nerve palsy?
Quadriceps femoris
The muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh are collectively known as the ______.
hamstrings
Hamstrings consist of the ____,____, and ______
As group, these muscles act to ____ at the hip, and ___ at the knee. They are innervated by the ____ nerve (_____).
biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
extend
flex
sciatic; L4-S3
the biceps femoris muscle has two heads – a ___ head and a ___ head.
long
short
Biceps femoris is the most (medial or lateral?) of the muscles in the posterior thigh – the _____ of the two heads can be felt (medially or laterally?) at the posterior knee.
Lateral
common tendon; laterally
Attachments of the biceps femoris
The long head originates from the ____ of the _____.
The short head originates from the _____ on (anterior or posterior?) surface of the ____.
Together, the heads form a tendon, which inserts into the ___ of the _____
ischial tuberosity
pelvis
linea aspera ; posterior; femur
head of the fibula.
Actions of biceps femoris :
Main action is ____ at the knee.
It also ____ the thigh at the hip, and _____ at the hip and knee.
flexion
extends
laterally rotates
Innervation of biceps femoris
Long head innervated by the ___ part of the sciatic nerve
the short head is innervated by the ____ part of the sciatic nerve.
tibial
common fibular
Semitendinosus
lies (medially or laterally ?) to the biceps
Medially
The semitendinosus is a largely tendinous muscle.
T/F
T
Semitendinosus , semimembranosus
Which covers the majority of which ?
Semitendinosus covers the majority of the semimembranosus.
Semitendinosus
Attachments:
It originates from the _____ of the ___
attaches to the (medial or lateral ?) surface of the ____.
ischial tuberosity; pelvis
medial
tibia
Actions of semitendinosus
_____ of the leg at the knee joint.
____ of thigh at the hip.
(Medially or laterally ?) rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.
Flexion
Extension
Medially
INNERVATION of semitendinosus
_____ part of the sciatic nerve.
Tibial
Semimembranosus
is located (underneath or above?) the semitendinosus.
Underneath
Semimembranosus
Attachments:
It originates from the ______, but does so more (superiorly or inferiorly?) than the semitendinosus and biceps femoris.
It attaches to the ______
ischial tuberosity
superiorly
medial tibial condyle.
Semimembranosus
Actions:
____ of the leg at the knee joint.
_______ of thigh at the hip.
____ally rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.
Flexion
Extension
Medi
Semimembranosus
Innervation: ____ part of the sciatic nerve.
Tibial
In an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity, the hamstring tendons ‘__’ a piece of the ischial tuberosity. Such an injury usually occurs in sports that require _____ and ____ of the muscles – such as sprinting, football and hurdling.
tear off
rapid contraction and relaxation
The _______ is the largest muscle in the medial compartment of the thigh .
It lies (anteriorly or posteriorly?) to the other muscles.
Functionally, the muscle can be divided into two parts; the _____ part, and the ____ part.
adductor magnus
posteriorly
adductor
hamstring
Attachments of adductor brevis
Adductor part – Originates from the ____ of the ___ and the ___ of ____, attaching to the ___ of the _____
inferior rami of the pubis
rami of ischium
linea aspera of the femur.
Attachments of adductor brevis
Hamstring part – Originates from the ____ and attaches to the _____ and _____ of the ____
ischial tuberosity
adductor tubercle
medial supracondylar line of the femur.
Attachments of adductor brevis
Actions:
They both ____ the thigh.
The adductor component also ___ the thigh
the hamstring portion ____ the thigh.
adduct
flexes
extending
Attachments of adductor brevis
Innervation:
Adductor part is innervated by the ____ nerve (L2-L4)
the hamstring part is innervated by the ____ component of the ____ nerve (L4-S3).
obturator
tibial; L2-4
sciatic(L4,S3)
Adductor Longus
The adductor longus is a (small or large?), flat muscle.
Large
The adductor longus totally covers the adductor brevis and magnus.
T/F
F
It partially covers the adductor brevis and magnus.
Adductor longus forms the _____ border of the femoral triangle.
medial
Adductor longus
Attachments: Originates from the ___, and expands into a ____ shape, attaching broadly to the ____ of the _____
Actions: Adduction of the thigh.
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-L4).
pubis
fan
linea aspera; femur
Adductor longus
Actions: _____ of the thigh.
Innervation: _____ nerve (L2-L4).
Adduction
Obturator
Adductor Brevis
It lies in between the _____ and ____ divisions of the ____ nerve.
Attachments: Originates from the body of pubis and inferior pubic rami. It attaches to the linea aspera on the posterior surface of the femur, proximal to the adductor longus.
Actions: Adduction of the thigh.
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-L4).
obturator
anterior and posterior
Adductor brevis can be used as an anatomical landmark to identify the obturator branches.
T/F
T
Adductor Brevis
Attachments: Originates from the ____ of ____ and _____.
It attaches to the ______ on the posterior surface of the femur, (proximal or distal?) to the adductor longus.
body of pubis and inferior pubic rami
linea aspera
Proximal
Adductor brevis
Actions: _____ of the thigh.
Innervation:____ nerve (___-___).
Adduction
Obturator
L2-L4
Obturator Externus
This is one of the smaller muscles of the medial thigh, and it is located most ____.
superiorly
Obturator Externus
Attachments: It originates from the ____ of the ______, and adjacent bone. It passes (under or above?) the neck of femur, attaching to the (anterior or posterior?) aspect of the _____
membrane
obturator foramen
Under
Posterior
greater trochanter.
Obturator Externus
Actions:_____ and ______ of the thigh.
Innervation: _____ nerve (L2-L4)
Adduction and lateral rotation
Obturator
Gracilis
The gracilis is the most _____ and ____ of the muscles in this compartment.
superficial and medial
Gracilis crosses at only the hip joints
T/F
F
It crosses at both the hip and knee joints.
Gracilis is sometimes transplanted into the ___ or ____ to _____________
hand or forearm
replace a damaged muscle.
Gracilis
Attachments: It originates from the ____ of the _____ and ____ of the _____
Descending almost (vertically or horizontally ?) down the leg, it attaches to the ___ surface of the _____, between the tendons of the ____ (anteriorly) and the _____ (posteriorly).
inferior rami of the pubis, and the body of the pubis.
Vertically
medial; tibia
sartorius; semitendinosus
Gracilis
Actions: _____ of the thigh at the hip, and ____ of the leg at the knee.
Innervation: _____ nerve (L2-L4).
Adduction
flexion
Obturator
Strain of the adductor muscles is the underlying cause of what is colloquially known as a ‘_______.
The (proximal or distal?) part of the muscle is most commonly affected, tearing near their bony attachments in the pelvis.
groin strain‘
Proximal
