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ANA 201 > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

THE KNEE JOINT

•primarily a _____ type of synovial joint

A

hinge

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2
Q

largest joint in body Is???

A

Knee joint

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3
Q

Knee joint

Articulation -____,_____ and _____

A

femur

tibia and patella

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4
Q

Knee joint

Femur articulates with tibia=———- joint

Femur articulates with patella=_________ joint

A

tibiofemoral

patellofemoral

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5
Q

Articulating bones of the knee joint

•Femur:
______________(medial and lateral)

•Tibia:
____________(medial and lateral tibial plateaus)

______ bears most of weight

A

Enlarged femoral condyles

Enlarged tibial condyles

Tibia

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6
Q

Plateaus are _____ for ______

A

receptacles

femoral condyles

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7
Q

Articulating bones of the knee joint

Patella
_______ type of bone
Imbedded in ______________ tendon

A

Sesamoid

quadriceps and patellar

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8
Q

Sesamoid bone means

A

floating bone

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9
Q

Patella Serves as a pulley in improving ________, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in ________

A

angle of pulling

knee extension

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10
Q

Fibula is Not part of knee joint

T/F

A

F

Fibula is Not part of knee joint

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11
Q

Fibula Does not articulate with patella but articulates with femur

T/F

A

F

Fibula Does not articulate with femur or patella

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12
Q

The medial and lateral tibial plateaus are (smooth or rough?) (superior or Inferior?) surfaces of the ___ with which the medial and lateral femoral condyles articulates

A

Rough

Inferior

tibia

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13
Q

The knee joint is strong mechanically

T/F

A

F

relatively weak mechanically

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14
Q

Stability of the knee joint

depends on:
Ligaments connecting _____ and ___ bones
Strength and action of surrounding muscles and tendons
Most important in stabilizing the knee joint are the ________ muscles

A

femur and tibia

quadriceps femoris

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15
Q

In the quadriceps femoris, the (Inferior or superior?) fibers of _______ and _____ are particularly important in stabilizing knee joint

A

Inferior

vastus medialis and lateralis

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16
Q

The articular capsule invest the knee joint

T/F

A

T

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17
Q

The fibrous capsule of the knee joint is deficient on the _________ to allow for the passage of the tendon of the _______ muscle to attach to the _____

A

lateral condyle

popliteus

tibia

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18
Q

The _____ and _____ serve as a capsule for the knee joint anteriorly

A

patella and patellar ligament

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19
Q

Synovial membrane of knee joint

Is (limited or extensive?) and lines the (internal or external?) aspect of the fibrous capsule
Attaches to the periphery of the _____ and the edges of the _____

A

Extensive

Internal

patella

menisci

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20
Q

Ligaments of the knee joint

Are grouped into 2:
__________ ligaments
_________ ligaments

A

Extracapsular

Intra-articular

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21
Q

The fibrous capsule of knee joint is strengthened by 5 extracapsular ligaments

_______ ligament
________ ligament
________ ligament
_________ ligament
_________ ligament

A

Patellar

Fibular collateral

Tibial collateral

Oblique popliteal

Arcuate popliteal

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22
Q

The patellar ligament

Weak or Strong?
(Thin or thick?)
(fibrous or serous?) band

A

Strong

Thick

Fibrous

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23
Q

The patellar ligament

Proximal or Distal?) part of ____ tendon ((anterior or posterior?) ligament of knee joint

A

Distal

quadriceps

anterior

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24
Q

Patellar ligament

Passes from apex and adjoining margins of patella to ______
Blends with _______ and ________

A

tibial tuberosity

medial and lateral patellar retinacula

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25
Q

medial and lateral patellar retinacula-

Aponeurotic expansions of ______ and _____ and overlying (superficial or deep?) fascia

A

vastus medialis and lateraliS

Deep

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26
Q

Patellar Retinacula supports articular capsule of knee (medially or laterally?)

A

Laterally

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27
Q

Fibular collateral ligament

Strong or weak?
(rounded or flat?)
____like

A

Strong
Rounded
Cord

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28
Q

Fibular collateral ligament

Extends inferiorly from ______ of ____ to ____ of ____

A

lateral epicondyle; femur

head of fibula

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29
Q

Tendon of popliteus passes (superficial or deep?) to fibular collateral ligament

A

Deep

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30
Q

Tendon of popliteus Separates fibular collateral ligament from _______

A

lateral meniscus

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31
Q

Tendon of __________ is split into two parts by lateral collateral ligament

A

biceps femoris

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32
Q

Tibial collateral ligament

Extends from ______ of _____ to ____ and (superior or inferior?) part of ___

Weak or Strong?
(Round or flat?)?band

A

Strong
Flat

medial epicondyle of femur

medial condyle; superior

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33
Q

Tibial collateral ligament

At its ____ it is firmly attached to the _______

A

midpoint

medial meniscus

34
Q

Which is weaker and more often damaged

Tibial or fibular collateral ligament

A

Compared with fibular collateral ligament, tibial collateral ligament is weaker and more often damaged

35
Q

____ collateral ligament and ____ meniscus are often torn during contact sports

A

Tibial

medial

36
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament

Expansion of tendon of _____ that strengthens fibrous capsule (anteriorly or posteriorly?)
Arises posterior to _______
Attaches to _____ part of (anterior or posterior ?) aspect of fibrous capsule

A

semimembranosus

posteriorly

medial tibial condyle

central

Posterior

37
Q

The arcuate popliteal ligament

Strengthens fibrous capsule (anteriorly or posteriorly?) 

Arises from (anterior or posterior?) aspect of \_\_\_\_\_\_
Passes (superior or inferior?) (Medially or laterally?) over  tendon of \_\_\_\_\_ and spreads over  posterior surface of  knee joint
A

Posteriorly

Posterior

fibular head

Superior

Medially

popliteus

38
Q

Intra-articular ligaments of the knee joint

These are ligaments within knee joint
There are 3:
______ ligaments
_________ ligaments
Tendon of _____ muscle

A

Cruciate

Menisci

popliteus

39
Q

Cruciate ligaments ( ______ and _____ )
Menisci (____ and _____)

A

anterior and posterior

medial and lateral

40
Q

The cruciate ligaments

Located in _____ part of joint (within or outside ?) articular capsule of joint

The fibers ——— _____ like letter ___ joining _____ and ____

A

centre

Within

crisscross obliquely; X

femur and tibia

41
Q

Anterior cruciate ligaments

Arises from ________ area of ____ just posterior to attachment of ______

Attaches to _______ of _____

A

anterior intercondylar

tibia

medial meniscus

lateral condyle of femur

42
Q

Which is weaker

ACL or PCL

A

ACL

43
Q

ACL Has a relatively GOOD blood supply

T/F

A

F

Has a relatively poor blood supply

44
Q

ACL

____ when knee is flexed and ___ when fully extended
Prevents (anterior or posterior?) displacement of femur on tibia and hyper_______ of knee joint

A

Slack

taut

Posterior

extension

45
Q

When knee is flexed at a right angle, _____ cannot be pulled ____riorly because it is held by ACL

A

tibia

ante

46
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Arises from ______ area of _____

Attaches to ______ of the ____

A

posterior intercondylar

tibia

medial condyle; femur

47
Q

PCL becomes ____ during flexion of knee joint

A

taut

48
Q

PCL

Prevents (anterior or posterior?) displacement of femur on tibia or (anterior or posterior?) displacement of tibia on femur

Also helps prevent hyper____ of knee joint

A

anterior

Posterior

flexion

49
Q

In weight bearing flexed knee, _____ is main stabilizing factor for femur (eg ______)

A

PCL

walking downhill

50
Q

The menisci

Are _______ shaped plates of ______ on articular surface of _____

A

crescentic

fibrocartilage

tibia

51
Q

The menisci

Deepens articular surface of tibia and acts like ________

A

shock absorbers

52
Q

The menisci

Thicker at (internal or external?) margins where they attach to ________ of knee joint
Ends are firmly attached to _________ of ____

A

external

fibrous capsule

intercondylar area of tibia

53
Q

The coronary ligaments attach margins of ______ to ____

The transverse ligament joins ______ of _____

A

menisci

tibial condyles

anterior edges ; menisci

54
Q

The transverse ligaments allows the menisci ________ during _______

A

move together during knee movements

55
Q

The medial meniscus

Is ___ shaped
Broader (anteriorly or posteriorly?) than (anteriorly or posteriorly?)
Anterior end attaches to _______ of ______, (anterior or posterior?) to attachment of ACL

A

C

posteriorly

anteriorly

anterior intercondylar area of tibia

Anterior

56
Q

The medial meniscus

Posterior end attaches to ______ of ______ (anterior or posterior?) to attachment of PCL

A

posterior intercondylar area of tibia

Anterior

57
Q

The medial meniscus firmly adheres to __________ ligament

A

tibial collateral

58
Q

The lateral meniscus

Almost _______ shaped

A

circular

59
Q

Which is larger and which is more freely mobile

Medial meniscus, lateral meniscus

A

medial meniscus is larger

Lateral meniscus is more freely movable

60
Q

________ separates lateral meniscus from fibular collateral ligament

A

Tendon of popliteus

61
Q

The posterior meniscofemoral ligament-
Strong tendinous slip
Joins lateral meniscus to _______ and ______

A

PCL and medial femoral condyle

62
Q

Patello-femoral Joint

Articulation of ______ and ____

A

patella and femur

63
Q

Posterior surface of patella is covered with (thin or thick?) _______ cartilage

A

Thick

hyaline

64
Q

Patella slides within trochlear groove

T/F

A

T

65
Q

Functions of Patello-femoral Joint

(1) Increases angle of pull of ______ muscle on _____, (improves or degrades ?) the ratio of motive:resistive torque by ____%

(2) Centralizes ______ of quadriceps into a —————

(3) Some protection of (anterior or posterior?) aspect of knee

A

quadriceps; tibia

Improves; 50

divergent tension

single line of action

Anterior

66
Q

When the knee is fully _____ with the leg and foot __________, the knee locks
Because of (medial or lateral?) rotation of the femur on the tibia

In this position, the thigh and leg muscles can ____ without making the knee joint too unstable
To unlock the knee the ______ contracts rotating the femur (Medially or laterally?) so that (flexion or extension?) of the knee can occur

A

extended

on the ground

Medial

relax

popliteus

Laterally

Flexion

67
Q

Flexion and extension and some rotation (when knee is _____)
(Flexion or extension?) - hamstrings
(Flexion or Extension?) - quadriceps
Medial rotation- ____,______,______
Lateral rotation- _______
Neither will occur unless knee is flexed _____ degrees or (< or >?)

A

flexed

Flexion

Extension

popliteus, semitendinosus and *semimembranosus

biceps femoris

20-30

>

68
Q

Blood supply of knee joint

Genicular branches of :
______ artery
_____ artery
Anterior and posterior ____ branches of the _______
artery
Anterior and posterior branches of ________ areteries
The _____ genicular branches of the ____ artery penetrates the fibrous capsule of the knee joint and supplies the
Cruciate ligaments
Synovial membrane
Peripheral margins of the menisci

A

Femoral

Popliteal

recurrent; anterior tibial recurrent

circumflex fibular

middle

popliteal

69
Q

INNERVATION of knee joint

Branches of:
_______ nerve
______ nerve
______ nerve
_______ nerve

A

Obturator

Femoral

Tibial

Common fibular

70
Q

Bursar around the knee joint

About _____ bursae

Subcutaneous bursae – ——— and ——— bursae are present at the convex surface of the joint allowing the skin to be able to move freely during movements of the knee

A

10-12

prepatellar and infrapatellar

71
Q

Many bursae are around knee joint

T/F

A

T

72
Q

4 bursae communicate with the synovial cavity of the knee joint- ______,_____,_____,____ bursa

A

suprapatellar, popliteus, anserine and gastrocnemius

73
Q

The _____ bursa is especially important because an infection of this bursa will spread to the knee cavity

A

suprapatellar

74
Q

Ligament sprains (occurs when foot is _______________)

A

fixed to the ground

75
Q

Knee replacement (total knee replacement arthroplasty – ____ and _____ components cemented to the ends of the bones

A

plastic and metal

76
Q

Arthroscopy of the knee joint- allows ____ of the ____ of the joint cavity

A

visualization

interior

77
Q

Bursitis in the knee region-

prepatellar bursitis- caused by friction between ______ and _____ lead to a condition known as _________

A

skin and patella

housemaids knee

78
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome
????

A

Check online

79
Q

Knee deformities- osteoarthritis accelerates the degenerative wear and tear of the ______

A

menisci

80
Q

Genu varum and genu valgum result in deviation of the _____ from the midline

A

tibia

81
Q

Genu varum- tibia diverted (medially or laterally ?)
Genu valgum- tibia diverted (medially or laterally ?)

A

medially

laterally

ANA 201 (34 decks)

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