Mediastinum Flashcards
Mediastinum
median septum of thoracic cavity between the two _____ cavities.
pleural
Mediastinum is covered on either side by the ______
mediastinal pleura.
mediastinum is a highly (mobile or immobile?) septum because it consists primarily of ___ visceral structures bound together by tissue, often infiltrated with ____.
Mobile
hollow
fat
General BOUNDARIES of mediastinum Anterior: \_\_\_\_\_ Posterior: \_\_\_\_\_ Superior: \_\_\_\_\_\_ Inferior:\_\_\_\_\_\_ On each side: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Sternum
Vertebral column
Superior thoracic aperture
Diaphragm
Mediastinal pleura
imaginary plane of the mediastinum :
passes through the _____ anteriorly
_______ of the body of the ___ thoracic vertebra/ _______ between ___ and ____vertebrae posteriorly.
sternal angle
lower border
fourth
intervertebral disc
T4 and T5
SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM
BOUNDARIES
- superior : _____
- inferior : ____
- anterior : _____
- posterior : ____ of ____
- laterally: ______
thoracic inlet
imaginary line
manubri sternum
bodies of T1-T4
mediastinal pleura
CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum
- __ arteries
- __ veins
- __ nerves
- __ lymphoid organs and lymphatics
- __ tubes
- __ muscles
4 3 4 3 2 2
CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum
-4arteries
Arteries \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Arch of aorta
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum
3veins
Veins
_______
_____ of the ______
_______ vein
Right and left brachiocephalic veins.
Upper half ; superior vena cava (SVC)
Left superior intercostal
CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum
4nerves
Nerves \_\_\_\_ nerves (right and left) \_\_\_\_ nerves (right and left). \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ nerves (right and left) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerves
Phrenic
Vagus
Sympathetic trunks; cardiac
Left recurrent laryngeal
CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum
3lymphoid organs and lymphatics
Lymphoid organs and lymphatics
_____
______
______
Lymph node
Thoracic duct
Thymus
CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum
2tubes
Tubes
_____
_____
Trachea
Esophagus
CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum
3muscles
Muscles
_____
______
_______
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Longus colli.
The longus colli muscle
- Latin for ____ of the _____
- The longus colli is situated on the (anterior or posterior?) surface of the vertebral column, between the ___ and the _____ vertebra.
long muscle of the neck
Anterior
atlas; third thoracic
the major structures of superior mediastinum are arranged in the following order from anterior to posterior:
_____
Large ___
Large _____
_____
_____ and _____
______
Thymus
veins
Arteries
Trachea
Esophagus and thoracic duct
Sympathetic trunks.
Potential dead space in superior mediastinum: In superior mediastinum, all large veins are on the ____ side and all the large arteries are on the ____ side.
Consequently, during increased blood flow, the large veins _____ while the large arteries ____.
This is because there is sufficient dead space on the ___ side.
right
left
expand enormously
do not expand at all
right
tumors of mediastinum tend to project into the potential dead space of the Superior mediastinum
T/F
T
ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
Boundaries
- Anterior: ____ of ____
- Posterior: ________
- Superior: _________
- Inferior: _____.
- On each side: ______
Body of sternum
Pericardium enclosing heart.
imaginary line
Diaphragm
Mediastinal pleura.
Contents of anterior mediastinum
\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ligaments \_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ branches of \_\_\_\_\_\_ arteries. \_\_\_\_ portion of \_\_\_\_\_ (in children)
Loose areolar
Superior and inferior sternopericardial
Three or four lymph nodes.
Mediastinal; internal thoracic (mammary)
Lower; thymus
Fat is a content of the anterior mediastinum
T/F
T
The sternopericardial ligaments are (consistent or inconsistent ?) structures serving to tether the (anterior or posterior ?) surface of the pericardium to the sternum.
There are two: ____ and _____ sternopericardial ligaments
inconsistent
Anterior
superior and inferior
The anterior mediastinum is a very (narrow or wide?) space.
Narrow
Anterior mediastinum is continuous through superior mediastinum with the _____ space of the neck.
pretracheal
neck infection in Prevertebral space may spread into the anterior mediastinum.
T/F
F
Pretracheal
MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
CONTENTS
- mainly _____ and ____
- Lymph nodes : _______ nodes
- Arteries(______, _______ ,______ arteries
Pericardium and heart
tracheobronchial
ascending aorta; pulmonary trunk; pericardiophrenic
MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
CONTENTS
Nerves : _______ nerves , _______
-Veins : ____(___ half) , ___ vein( _____ part), ____ and ______ vein)
phrenic
deep cardiac plexus
SVC; lower
azygos; terminal ; IVC ; pulmonary
MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
CONTENTS
Tubes!
______ of ______
right and left _______
bifurcation of trachea
principal bronchi
POSTERIOR INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM
BOUNDARIES
- Anterior : _____ and ____
- posterior: ____ of _____ vertebrae and intervening ____
- Superior: _____
- Inferior: _____
- Lateral : ____
pericardium and Diaphragm
bodies; lower 8 thoracic; intervertebral discs
imaginary line
Diaphragm
pleura
CONTENTS of posterior mediastinum
- ____ nerve
- Awon oloriburuku
- ______ lymph nodes
- ____ nerves and _____ trunks
- _____
- ______ and ___ veins
- ______
- ______
Vagus
Posterior mediastinal
Splanchnic; sympathetic
Descending aorta
Asygos and hemiazygos
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Mediastinitis is the inflammation of the ______ of the mediastinum
loose connective tissue
Subcutaneous emphysema at the root of the neck
In esophageal perforations caused by penetrating wounds, ___ escapes into the connective tissue space of the mediastinum and my _____ (above or beneath?) the fascia to the _____ producing subcutaneous emphysema
air
ascend
beneath
root of the neck
The common cause of mediastinal syndrome includes bronchiogenic carcinoma, aneurysm of aorta, enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes like in hodgkin disease
Babe
Pus from neck can enter into the anterior mediastinum
T/F
F
Posterior mediastinum
Pus can get to the thigh from posterior mediastinum
T/F
T
Pus can get to the thigh from posterior mediastinum through a ____ shaped orifice of the _____ to the region of _____
funnel
psoas sheath
femoral triangle
Intrapleural pressure is high in the affected side in ____ and ____
Intrapleural pressure is low in the affected side in ____ and ____
pneumothorax; hydrothorax
lung collapse and atelectasis
Mediastinal shifts to the side with less intrapleural pressure
T/F
T
Mediastinum contains all the thoracic viscera except???
Lungs
Largest mediastinum structure
Heart
Commonest cause of widening of inferior mediastinum??
Enlargement of the heart
