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ANA 201 > Mediastinum > Flashcards

Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Mediastinum

median septum of thoracic cavity between the two _____ cavities.

A

pleural

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2
Q

Mediastinum is covered on either side by the ______

A

mediastinal pleura.

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3
Q

mediastinum is a highly (mobile or immobile?) septum because it consists primarily of ___ visceral structures bound together by tissue, often infiltrated with ____.

A

Mobile

hollow

fat

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4
Q 
General BOUNDARIES of mediastinum 
Anterior: \_\_\_\_\_
Posterior: \_\_\_\_\_
Superior: \_\_\_\_\_\_
Inferior:\_\_\_\_\_\_
On each side:  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Sternum

Vertebral column

Superior thoracic aperture

Diaphragm

Mediastinal pleura

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5
Q

imaginary plane of the mediastinum :

passes through the _____ anteriorly

_______ of the body of the ___ thoracic vertebra/ _______ between ___ and ____vertebrae posteriorly.

A

sternal angle

lower border

fourth

intervertebral disc

T4 and T5

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6
Q

SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM

BOUNDARIES

  • superior : _____
  • inferior : ____
  • anterior : _____
  • posterior : ____ of ____
  • laterally: ______
A

thoracic inlet

imaginary line

manubri sternum

bodies of T1-T4

mediastinal pleura

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7
Q

CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum

  • __ arteries
  • __ veins
  • __ nerves
  • __ lymphoid organs and lymphatics
  • __ tubes
  • __ muscles
A 
4
3
4
3
2
2
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8
Q

CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum

-4arteries

Arteries
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Arch of aorta
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

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9
Q

CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum

3veins

Veins
_______
_____ of the ______
_______ vein

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins.

Upper half ; superior vena cava (SVC)

Left superior intercostal

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10
Q

CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum

4nerves

Nerves
\_\_\_\_ nerves (right and left)
\_\_\_\_ nerves (right and left).
\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ nerves (right and left)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerves
A

Phrenic

Vagus

Sympathetic trunks; cardiac

Left recurrent laryngeal

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11
Q

CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum

3lymphoid organs and lymphatics

Lymphoid organs and lymphatics
_____
______
______

A

Lymph node
Thoracic duct
Thymus

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12
Q

CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum

2tubes

Tubes
_____
_____

A

Trachea

Esophagus

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13
Q

CONTENTS of Superior mediastinum

3muscles

Muscles
_____
______
_______

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Longus colli.

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14
Q

The longus colli muscle

  • Latin for ____ of the _____
  • The longus colli is situated on the (anterior or posterior?) surface of the vertebral column, between the ___ and the _____ vertebra.
A

long muscle of the neck

Anterior

atlas; third thoracic

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15
Q

the major structures of superior mediastinum are arranged in the following order from anterior to posterior:

_____
Large ___

Large _____

_____

_____ and _____

______

A

Thymus

veins

Arteries

Trachea

Esophagus and thoracic duct

Sympathetic trunks.

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16
Q

Potential dead space in superior mediastinum: In superior mediastinum, all large veins are on the ____ side and all the large arteries are on the ____ side.

Consequently, during increased blood flow, the large veins _____ while the large arteries ____.

This is because there is sufficient dead space on the ___ side.

A

right

left

expand enormously

do not expand at all

right

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17
Q

tumors of mediastinum tend to project into the potential dead space of the Superior mediastinum
T/F

A

T

18
Q

ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM

Boundaries

  • Anterior: ____ of ____
  • Posterior: ________
  • Superior: _________
  • Inferior: _____.
  • On each side: ______
A

Body of sternum

Pericardium enclosing heart.

imaginary line

Diaphragm

Mediastinal pleura.

19
Q

Contents of anterior mediastinum

\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue. 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ligaments
\_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_ branches of  \_\_\_\_\_\_ arteries.
\_\_\_\_ portion of  \_\_\_\_\_ (in children)
A

Loose areolar

Superior and inferior sternopericardial

Three or four lymph nodes.

Mediastinal; internal thoracic (mammary)

Lower; thymus

20
Q

Fat is a content of the anterior mediastinum

T/F

A

T

21
Q

The sternopericardial ligaments are (consistent or inconsistent ?) structures serving to tether the (anterior or posterior ?) surface of the pericardium to the sternum.

There are two: ____ and _____ sternopericardial ligaments

A

inconsistent

Anterior

superior and inferior

22
Q

The anterior mediastinum is a very (narrow or wide?) space.

A

Narrow

23
Q

Anterior mediastinum is continuous through superior mediastinum with the _____ space of the neck.

A

pretracheal

24
Q

neck infection in Prevertebral space may spread into the anterior mediastinum.
T/F

A

F

Pretracheal

25
Q

MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM

CONTENTS

  • mainly _____ and ____
  • Lymph nodes : _______ nodes
  • Arteries(______, _______ ,______ arteries
A

Pericardium and heart

tracheobronchial

ascending aorta; pulmonary trunk; pericardiophrenic

26
Q

MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM

CONTENTS

Nerves : _______ nerves , _______

-Veins : ____(___ half) , ___ vein( _____ part), ____ and ______ vein)

A

phrenic

deep cardiac plexus

SVC; lower

azygos; terminal ; IVC ; pulmonary

27
Q

MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM

CONTENTS

Tubes!

______ of ______

right and left _______

A

bifurcation of trachea

principal bronchi

28
Q

POSTERIOR INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM

BOUNDARIES

  • Anterior : _____ and ____
  • posterior: ____ of _____ vertebrae and intervening ____
  • Superior: _____
  • Inferior: _____
  • Lateral : ____
A

pericardium and Diaphragm

bodies; lower 8 thoracic; intervertebral discs

imaginary line

Diaphragm

pleura

29
Q

CONTENTS of posterior mediastinum

  • ____ nerve
  • Awon oloriburuku
  • ______ lymph nodes
  • ____ nerves and _____ trunks
  • _____
  • ______ and ___ veins
  • ______
  • ______
A

Vagus

Posterior mediastinal

Splanchnic; sympathetic

Descending aorta

Asygos and hemiazygos

Thoracic duct

Esophagus

30
Q

Mediastinitis is the inflammation of the ______ of the mediastinum

A

loose connective tissue

31
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema at the root of the neck

In esophageal perforations caused by penetrating wounds, ___ escapes into the connective tissue space of the mediastinum and my _____ (above or beneath?) the fascia to the _____ producing subcutaneous emphysema

A

air

ascend

beneath

root of the neck

32
Q

The common cause of mediastinal syndrome includes bronchiogenic carcinoma, aneurysm of aorta, enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes like in hodgkin disease

A

Babe

33
Q

Pus from neck can enter into the anterior mediastinum

T/F

A

F

Posterior mediastinum

34
Q

Pus can get to the thigh from posterior mediastinum

T/F

A

T

35
Q

Pus can get to the thigh from posterior mediastinum through a ____ shaped orifice of the _____ to the region of _____

A

funnel

psoas sheath

femoral triangle

36
Q

Intrapleural pressure is high in the affected side in ____ and ____

Intrapleural pressure is low in the affected side in ____ and ____

A

pneumothorax; hydrothorax

lung collapse and atelectasis

37
Q

Mediastinal shifts to the side with less intrapleural pressure

T/F

A

T

38
Q

Mediastinum contains all the thoracic viscera except???

A

Lungs

39
Q

Largest mediastinum structure

A

Heart

40
Q

Commonest cause of widening of inferior mediastinum??

A

Enlargement of the heart

ANA 201 (34 decks)

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