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ANA 201 > Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteal Region

●It is the region behind the pelvis, extending from the _____ superiorly to the ______ inferiorly

A

iliac crest

gluteal fold

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2
Q

gluteal fold is ___________

A

fold of the buttock

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3
Q

Gluteal fold indicates the lower border of the ______ muscle

A

gluteus maximus

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4
Q

gluteal sulcus/crease is a ______ for the hip joint)

A

skin crease

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5
Q

A deep midline groove, the __________ separates the buttocks from each other.

A

natal (intergluteal) cleft

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6
Q

Superficial fascia of the gluteal region

Thin or Thick?
(Sparse or dense?)
(Poorly or well?) developed
laden with (little or large?) quantities of fat

A

Thick
Dense

Well developed

Large

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7
Q

large quantities of fat in the superficial fascia of the gluteal region

●Gives the characteristic (concavity or convexity?) to the buttock
●Forms a (thin or thick?) cushion over the ________

A

Convexity

Thick

ischial tuberosity

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8
Q

Cutaneous Nerve supply of the booty

●Upper lateral quadrant: (medial or Lateral ?) branches of ____ and ___
●Upper medial quadrant: (anterior or Posterior?) rami of _____ and ____
●Lower lateral quadrant: branches from _________ (____)
●Lower medial quadrant: branches from ______ (_____)
●Skin in the floor of the natal cleft: branches from ______ and _____ nerves

A

Lateral ; iliohypogastric (L1) and T12

Posterior ; L1,2,3 & S1,2,3

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh; L2,3

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh; S1,2,3

lower sacral and coccygeal

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9
Q

The skin and the fat of the gluteal region is:

●Supplied by perforating branches of the ______ and ______ arteries
●Drain into the (medial or lateral?) group of the __________ lymph nodes

A

superior and inferior gluteal

Lateral

superficial Inguinal

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10
Q

Deep Fascia of the gluteal region

●Is continuation of the _____ (deep fascia of the ____)
●At the ___ border of the _____, fascia lata splits to enclose the muscle
●Above the gluteus maximus, the deep fascia continues as one layer covering the _____ & gets attached to ______
●Laterally the fascia merges with the ________

A

fascia lata; thigh

lower; gluteus Maximus

gluteus medius; iliac crest

iliotibial tract

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11
Q

2 ligaments of the go teal region

●________
●_________

A

Sacrospinous

Sacrotuberous

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12
Q

2 ligaments of the gluteal region

●Sacrospinous, connecting ____ to ____
●Sacrotuberous, connecting _______ to ___
●They convert the greater & lesser sciatic notches into —————————
●Their main function is to:
● ____ the sacrum
●Prevent its (anterior or posterior?) rotation at the _____ joint

A

sacrum; ischial spine

sacrum; ischial tuberosity

greater & lesser sciatic foramina

Stabilize

Posterior

sacroiliac

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13
Q

Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen

Above the piriformis:

?????????

A

Superior gluteal vessels & nerve

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14
Q

Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen

Below the piriformis:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ vessels & nerve
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve of \_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_ nerve & \_\_\_\_\_\_ vessels
Nerve to \_\_\_\_\_
Nerve to \_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Inferior gluteal

Sciatic

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Pudendal; Internal pudendal

obturator internus

quadratus femoris

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15
Q

Structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen

Entering:
______ nerve &
__________ vessels

Exiting:
Tendon of _____
Nerve to _____

A

Pudendal

Internal pudendal

obturator internus

obturator internus

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16
Q

Largest muscle in the body is ???

A

Gluteus Maximus

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17
Q

______ muscle Forms the prominence of buttock

A

Gluteus Maximus

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18
Q

Gluteus Maximus

Origin:
●(inner or Outer?) surface of ilium behind the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
●\_\_\_\_\_ fascia
●Posterior surface of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
● \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  ligament
A

Outer; posterior gluteal line

Lumbar

sacrum & coccyx

Sacrotuberous

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19
Q

Gluteus Maximus

Insertion:
● Most of the muscle (3/4th) inserted into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
●Deeper fibers inserted to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
●Nerve supply:
●\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
A

iliotibial tract

gluteal tuberosity

Inferior gluteal

L5, S1, 2

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20
Q

Gluteus Maximus

Actions:
➢(flexes or Extends?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the hip joint
➢(flexes or Extends?) the knee joint (through ______)

A

Extends

Laterally

Extends; iliotibial tract

21
Q

Gluteus Maximus Gives simultaneous stability to the hip and knee joints through the iliotibial tract

T/F

A

T

22
Q

__________ muscle is the chief antigravity muscle of the hip.

A

Gluteus maximus

23
Q

Gluteus Maximus is used in sitting from a standing up position
T/F

A

F

Used in standing from a sitting position

24
Q

Gluteus Maximus is used in running & climbing up stairs.

T/F

A

T

25
Q

Gluteus Maximus does “forced extension”.

T/F

A

T

26
Q

Gluteus Medius
●Origin: outer surface of ilium between the _____ and _____ lines
●Insertion: (medial or Lateral?) surface of ______
●Nerve supply:_______ nerve (______)

●Action:
●(Adducts or Abducts?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the thigh

A

middle and posterior gluteal

Lateral ; greater trochanter

Superior gluteal; L4,5, S1

Abducts; medially

27
Q

Gluteus medius

Steadies the pelvis in walking

T/F

A

T

28
Q

Gluteus Minimus

●Origin: _____ surface of _____
●Insertion: (Anterior or posterior?) surface of __________
●Nerve supply: _______ nerve (_____)

●Action: (Adducts or Abducts?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the thigh

A

Outer ; ilium

Anterior ; greater trochanter

Superior gluteal; L4,5, S1

Abducts; medially

29
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata muscle
●Origin: Outer edge of iliac crest between ________ and _____
●Insertion: Into the ______
●Nerve supply:______ nerve (_____)
●Action: Maintains the ___ in _____ position

A

anterior superior iliac spine & iliac tubercle

iliotibial tract

Superior gluteal

L4,5, S1

knee; extended

30
Q

Piriformis
●Origin: (Anterior or posterior?) surface of _____ vertebrae
●Insertion: ____ border of ____
●Nerve supply: Anterior rami of ____
●Action:
●(medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh
●Assists in _________ especially in ___uction

A

Anterior ; S2,3,4

Upper; greater trochanter

S1,2

Lateral

stabilizing hip joint

Abd

31
Q

Obturator Internus
●Origin: (outer or Inner?) surface of _______ and adjacent bone
●Insertion:____ border of _______ along with ______

●Nerve supply: _______(L4,S1)
●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh

A

Inner; obturator membrane

Upper; greater trochanter

Gemelli

nerve to obturator internus ;

Lateral

32
Q

Superior & Inferior Gemelli

Origin:
●Superior from ____
●Inferior from ______

Insertion:____ border of _______

Nerve supply:
●Superior from ——————(L4, S1)
●Inferior from ____________ (L4, S1)
●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotators of thigh

A

ischial spine; ischial tuberosity

Upper

greater trochanter

nerve to obturator internus

nerve to quadratus femoris

Lateral

33
Q 
Quadratus Femoris
●Origin: Lateral border of \_\_\_\_\_\_
●Insertion:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_
●Nerve supply:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(L4,S1)
●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh
A

ischial tuberosity

Quadrate tubercle of femur

nerve to quadratus femoris

Lateral

34
Q

Arteries of the Gluteal Region

Branches of internal iliac artery:
●_________
●_______

Branches of femoral artery:
●______
●_______

Branches of profunda femoris artery:
●____________ branch

A

Superior gluteal

Inferior gluteal

Lateral circumflex

Medial circumflex

First perforating

35
Q

Superior & Inferior Gluteal Arteries

●Are branches of the _______ artery
●Enter the gluteal region through the ________________
●Supply the gluteal region and contribute to the anastomosis around the ____ joint

A

internal iliac

greater sciatic foramen

hip

36
Q

Trochanteric Anastomosis

Is the main supply to the __________ and ______

A

head & neck of femur

37
Q

Trochanteric Anastomosis

●Provides a connection between _______ and _____ arteries

A

internal iliac and femoral

38
Q

Trochanteric Anastomosis

●Lies near the ______, branches run along the _______ beneath the ___ fibers of the capsule

A

trochanteric fossa

femoral neck

reticular

39
Q

Trochanteric Anastomosis

Formed by:
●Descending branches of ______arteries
●Ascending branches of _________ arteries

A

superior and inferior gluteal

lateral and medial circumflex

40
Q

Arterial supply to Femoral head
•__________ arteries
•__________ arteries
•________ artery via artery of femoral ligament

A

Medial & lateral femoral circumflex

Superior and inferior gluteal

Post. obdurator

41
Q

Cruciate Anastomosis
●Lies at the level of ___________
●Provides a connection between _______ and ____ arteries

●Formed by:
●Descending branch of ______ artery
●Transverse branches of ________ arteries &
●Ascending branch of _______ artery

A

lesser trochanter

internal iliac and femoral

inferior gluteal

medial and lateral circumflex

first perforating

42
Q

Bursae Related to Gluteus Maximus
●______ Bursa
●_____ Bursa
●____ Bursa

A

Gluteofemoral

Trochanteric

Ischial

43
Q

Bursae Related to Gluteus Maximus
●Gluteofemoral Bursa: lies between _______ and ______

●Trochanteric Bursa: lies between _______ and ______
●Ischial Bursa: lies between ______ & _______

A

gluteus maximus tendon

vastus lateralis

gluteus maximus tendon; greater trochanter

gluteus maximus; ischial tuberosity

44
Q

Safe Area for Intramuscular Injection

________ quadrant of the buttock is the safe area for intramuscular injection to avoid injury to the underlying sciatic nerve

A

Outer upper

45
Q

Intramuscular injection enables a large amount of a drug to be introduced at ____ but absorbed ____.

A

once

gradually

46
Q

Trendelenburg Test

To assesses whether the __________ (particularly ______) are functioning normally

A

hip abductors

gluteus medius

47
Q

Trendelenburg test

Observe patient from behind, ask him/her to ___________ and then _____
●Negative test: Pelvis ‘____’ on contralateral side
●Positive test: Pelvis ‘____’ on contralateral side

A

stand on one foot and then the other

tilts up

sags

48
Q

Problems that could lead to a positive Trendelenburg test:
●Fracture at _______
●Dislocation of ___ joint
●Coxa ___
●Nonfunctioning gluteus medius and minimus due to: Neurological damage (_____ disc herniation) or Any disease affecting muscles (myopathy)

A

neck of femur

hip

Vara

L4 – 5

49
Q

Coxa vara= ______

Coxa valga =______

Normal

A

Less than 120

More than135

120-135

ANA 201 (34 decks)

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