Gluteal Region Flashcards
Gluteal Region
●It is the region behind the pelvis, extending from the _____ superiorly to the ______ inferiorly
iliac crest
gluteal fold
gluteal fold is ___________
fold of the buttock
Gluteal fold indicates the lower border of the ______ muscle
gluteus maximus
gluteal sulcus/crease is a ______ for the hip joint)
skin crease
A deep midline groove, the __________ separates the buttocks from each other.
natal (intergluteal) cleft
Superficial fascia of the gluteal region
Thin or Thick?
(Sparse or dense?)
(Poorly or well?) developed
laden with (little or large?) quantities of fat
Thick
Dense
Well developed
Large
large quantities of fat in the superficial fascia of the gluteal region
●Gives the characteristic (concavity or convexity?) to the buttock
●Forms a (thin or thick?) cushion over the ________
Convexity
Thick
ischial tuberosity
Cutaneous Nerve supply of the booty
●Upper lateral quadrant: (medial or Lateral ?) branches of ____ and ___
●Upper medial quadrant: (anterior or Posterior?) rami of _____ and ____
●Lower lateral quadrant: branches from _________ (____)
●Lower medial quadrant: branches from ______ (_____)
●Skin in the floor of the natal cleft: branches from ______ and _____ nerves
Lateral ; iliohypogastric (L1) and T12
Posterior ; L1,2,3 & S1,2,3
lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh; L2,3
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh; S1,2,3
lower sacral and coccygeal
The skin and the fat of the gluteal region is:
●Supplied by perforating branches of the ______ and ______ arteries
●Drain into the (medial or lateral?) group of the __________ lymph nodes
superior and inferior gluteal
Lateral
superficial Inguinal
Deep Fascia of the gluteal region
●Is continuation of the _____ (deep fascia of the ____)
●At the ___ border of the _____, fascia lata splits to enclose the muscle
●Above the gluteus maximus, the deep fascia continues as one layer covering the _____ & gets attached to ______
●Laterally the fascia merges with the ________
fascia lata; thigh
lower; gluteus Maximus
gluteus medius; iliac crest
iliotibial tract
2 ligaments of the go teal region
●________
●_________
Sacrospinous
Sacrotuberous
2 ligaments of the gluteal region
●Sacrospinous, connecting ____ to ____
●Sacrotuberous, connecting _______ to ___
●They convert the greater & lesser sciatic notches into —————————
●Their main function is to:
● ____ the sacrum
●Prevent its (anterior or posterior?) rotation at the _____ joint
sacrum; ischial spine
sacrum; ischial tuberosity
greater & lesser sciatic foramina
Stabilize
Posterior
sacroiliac
Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen
Above the piriformis:
?????????
Superior gluteal vessels & nerve
Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen
Below the piriformis: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ vessels & nerve \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve of \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ nerve & \_\_\_\_\_\_ vessels Nerve to \_\_\_\_\_ Nerve to \_\_\_\_\_\_
Inferior gluteal
Sciatic
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Pudendal; Internal pudendal
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
Structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen
Entering:
______ nerve &
__________ vessels
Exiting:
Tendon of _____
Nerve to _____
Pudendal
Internal pudendal
obturator internus
obturator internus
Largest muscle in the body is ???
Gluteus Maximus
______ muscle Forms the prominence of buttock
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Maximus
Origin: ●(inner or Outer?) surface of ilium behind the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ●\_\_\_\_\_ fascia ●Posterior surface of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ● \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ligament
Outer; posterior gluteal line
Lumbar
sacrum & coccyx
Sacrotuberous
Gluteus Maximus
Insertion: ● Most of the muscle (3/4th) inserted into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ●Deeper fibers inserted to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ●Nerve supply: ●\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
iliotibial tract
gluteal tuberosity
Inferior gluteal
L5, S1, 2
Gluteus Maximus
Actions:
➢(flexes or Extends?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the hip joint
➢(flexes or Extends?) the knee joint (through ______)
Extends
Laterally
Extends; iliotibial tract
Gluteus Maximus Gives simultaneous stability to the hip and knee joints through the iliotibial tract
T/F
T
__________ muscle is the chief antigravity muscle of the hip.
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus Maximus is used in sitting from a standing up position
T/F
F
Used in standing from a sitting position
Gluteus Maximus is used in running & climbing up stairs.
T/F
T
Gluteus Maximus does “forced extension”.
T/F
T
Gluteus Medius
●Origin: outer surface of ilium between the _____ and _____ lines
●Insertion: (medial or Lateral?) surface of ______
●Nerve supply:_______ nerve (______)
●Action:
●(Adducts or Abducts?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the thigh
middle and posterior gluteal
Lateral ; greater trochanter
Superior gluteal; L4,5, S1
Abducts; medially
Gluteus medius
Steadies the pelvis in walking
T/F
T
Gluteus Minimus
●Origin: _____ surface of _____
●Insertion: (Anterior or posterior?) surface of __________
●Nerve supply: _______ nerve (_____)
●Action: (Adducts or Abducts?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the thigh
Outer ; ilium
Anterior ; greater trochanter
Superior gluteal; L4,5, S1
Abducts; medially
Tensor Fascia Lata muscle
●Origin: Outer edge of iliac crest between ________ and _____
●Insertion: Into the ______
●Nerve supply:______ nerve (_____)
●Action: Maintains the ___ in _____ position
anterior superior iliac spine & iliac tubercle
iliotibial tract
Superior gluteal
L4,5, S1
knee; extended
Piriformis
●Origin: (Anterior or posterior?) surface of _____ vertebrae
●Insertion: ____ border of ____
●Nerve supply: Anterior rami of ____
●Action:
●(medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh
●Assists in _________ especially in ___uction
Anterior ; S2,3,4
Upper; greater trochanter
S1,2
Lateral
stabilizing hip joint
Abd
Obturator Internus
●Origin: (outer or Inner?) surface of _______ and adjacent bone
●Insertion:____ border of _______ along with ______
●Nerve supply: _______(L4,S1)
●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh
Inner; obturator membrane
Upper; greater trochanter
Gemelli
nerve to obturator internus ;
Lateral
Superior & Inferior Gemelli
Origin:
●Superior from ____
●Inferior from ______
Insertion:____ border of _______
Nerve supply:
●Superior from ——————(L4, S1)
●Inferior from ____________ (L4, S1)
●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotators of thigh
ischial spine; ischial tuberosity
Upper
greater trochanter
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris
Lateral
Quadratus Femoris ●Origin: Lateral border of \_\_\_\_\_\_ ●Insertion:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_ ●Nerve supply:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(L4,S1) ●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh
ischial tuberosity
Quadrate tubercle of femur
nerve to quadratus femoris
Lateral
Arteries of the Gluteal Region
Branches of internal iliac artery:
●_________
●_______
Branches of femoral artery:
●______
●_______
Branches of profunda femoris artery:
●____________ branch
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Lateral circumflex
Medial circumflex
First perforating
Superior & Inferior Gluteal Arteries
●Are branches of the _______ artery
●Enter the gluteal region through the ________________
●Supply the gluteal region and contribute to the anastomosis around the ____ joint
internal iliac
greater sciatic foramen
hip
Trochanteric Anastomosis
Is the main supply to the __________ and ______
head & neck of femur
Trochanteric Anastomosis
●Provides a connection between _______ and _____ arteries
internal iliac and femoral
Trochanteric Anastomosis
●Lies near the ______, branches run along the _______ beneath the ___ fibers of the capsule
trochanteric fossa
femoral neck
reticular
Trochanteric Anastomosis
Formed by:
●Descending branches of ______arteries
●Ascending branches of _________ arteries
superior and inferior gluteal
lateral and medial circumflex
Arterial supply to Femoral head
•__________ arteries
•__________ arteries
•________ artery via artery of femoral ligament
Medial & lateral femoral circumflex
Superior and inferior gluteal
Post. obdurator
Cruciate Anastomosis
●Lies at the level of ___________
●Provides a connection between _______ and ____ arteries
●Formed by:
●Descending branch of ______ artery
●Transverse branches of ________ arteries &
●Ascending branch of _______ artery
lesser trochanter
internal iliac and femoral
inferior gluteal
medial and lateral circumflex
first perforating
Bursae Related to Gluteus Maximus
●______ Bursa
●_____ Bursa
●____ Bursa
Gluteofemoral
Trochanteric
Ischial
Bursae Related to Gluteus Maximus
●Gluteofemoral Bursa: lies between _______ and ______
●Trochanteric Bursa: lies between _______ and ______
●Ischial Bursa: lies between ______ & _______
gluteus maximus tendon
vastus lateralis
gluteus maximus tendon; greater trochanter
gluteus maximus; ischial tuberosity
Safe Area for Intramuscular Injection
________ quadrant of the buttock is the safe area for intramuscular injection to avoid injury to the underlying sciatic nerve
Outer upper
Intramuscular injection enables a large amount of a drug to be introduced at ____ but absorbed ____.
once
gradually
Trendelenburg Test
To assesses whether the __________ (particularly ______) are functioning normally
hip abductors
gluteus medius
Trendelenburg test
Observe patient from behind, ask him/her to ___________ and then _____
●Negative test: Pelvis ‘____’ on contralateral side
●Positive test: Pelvis ‘____’ on contralateral side
stand on one foot and then the other
tilts up
sags
Problems that could lead to a positive Trendelenburg test:
●Fracture at _______
●Dislocation of ___ joint
●Coxa ___
●Nonfunctioning gluteus medius and minimus due to: Neurological damage (_____ disc herniation) or Any disease affecting muscles (myopathy)
neck of femur
hip
Vara
L4 – 5
Coxa vara= ______
Coxa valga =______
Normal
Less than 120
More than135
120-135
