The Breast Flashcards
Mammary gland
- Lies on the ——-muscle
- all mammals have it
- are modified——-
- usually——- in shape
- base extends from rib__-___
- nipple is at the level of the———
pectoralis major
sweat glands
conical
2; 6
4th intercostal spaces
Capsule of mammary gland is thin
T/F
F. has no capsule
OF mammary gland
- axillary tail is at the——- portion
- _/3 lies on——-
- _/3 lies on—— and——- muscles
- nipples carry—— lactiferous ducts
- lobules lead to—— which lead to——- due to dilation then——- then nipple
superolateral
2; pec major
1; serratus anterior; ext oblique
15-20
lact ducts; lac sinus; duct again
nipple and areola usually contain only a little amount of fat
T/F
F. nipple and areola usually lack fat
_____ligaments connect the skin of the mammary gland to———
-Montgomery tubercles is to produce——-
-Retromandibular space
Allows the breast to——— and also Acts as a———
copper’s
deep fascia of pec major
sebum
glide on the anterior breast wall.
lubricant
ARTERIAL SUPPLY Just 3 1)branches of ———artery 2)branches of———- artery 3)branches of ——-artery(think of the\_\_\_\_ branch, its \_\_\_\_branches. Ehen now those ——-branches have lateral mammary branches!!!)
Internal thoracic
lateral thoracic
intercostal
post intercostal; lateral cutaneous ; lateral perforating
VENOUS SUPPLY of the breast
- circular venous plexus are found at the———
- veins from this plexus drain into the——— vein and the——- vein and—— to ——-veins
base of the nipple
axillary; internal thoracic
2nd; 4th intercostal
List the 5 major LYMPH NODES OF THE BREAST and their location
1) Apical nodes: located subclavian
2) lateral nodes:at the humerus
3) posterior nodes:post wall of axilla and along the subscapular vessels
4) anterior nodes :pectoralis minor
5) central nodes: central axillary
AXILLARY LYMPH NODES
APICAL/——-GROUP
PECTORAL/———GROUP
———-/LATERAL GROUP
POSTERIOR/———GROUP
CENTRAL GROUP
SUBCLAVICULAR
ANTERIOR
HUMERAL
SUBSCAPULAR
Posterior, lateral, and anterior lymph nodes of the axilla drain to —- then ——
Central axilla node drains to ———
Central then apical
Apical
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE of breast
-Lymph from the nipple, areolar, lobules, e.t.c all drain to the——-
-From here,__% of the lymph drains to the——- node then to the other axillary nodes(these drain into the______ trunks)
The rest drains to the—— nodes/——-nodes(these drain into the——- trunk)
Some that don’t drain to above 2 , drain into the——- nodes or the——— lymph nodes.
subareolar lymphatic plexus
75; pectoral axillary; subclavian lymphatic
parasternal; internal thoracic ; bronchomediastinal
inframammary; intercoastal
60% of carcinoma in breast occurs in the———-
upper lateral quadrant
in case of cancer of one breast, the other breast and it’s axillary nodes are also affected because of———
the anastomoses between the lymphatics
lact ducts are situated——- so any incision on the breast should be done——-
radially
radially
infection of cooper’s ligament by cancer leads to its____ giving it a——- appearance
shortening
peau d’orange
lymphadema: when some lymph nodes are removed or damaged by cancer, it can lead to———- and cause———- leading to——- in the arm and other areas
some of the lymph vessels being blocked
build up of lymph fluid
swelling
lymphatics from Breast can transmit to ovarian surface
T/F
T
lymphandenpathy:either due to——- of nodes or——- of nodes
wrong alignment
swelling
____and____ maintain the mammillary ridge
Dog
goat
Poly thelia-persistent multiple____
Poly mastia- persistent multiple——
nipple
breast
They are present in both males and females
T/F
T
Boobs are more prominent in—— following——-.
females
puberty
the mammary glands –
A major or an accessory gland
Accessory gland
The breast extends horizontally from the——— of the——- to the———
lateral border
sternum
mid-axillary line.
the nipple is composed mostly of—— muscle fibres. Surrounding the nipple is a pigmented area of skin termed the——-. There are numerous——- glands within the____ and these enlarge during——-, secreting an oily substance that acts as a——— for the nipple.
smooth
areolae
sebaceous; areolae; pregnancy; protective lubricant
———Separates the secretory lobules of the breast.
Suspensory ligament of cooper
The base of the breast lies on the—— fascia .It acts as an attachment point for the———-.
pectoral
suspensory ligaments
the retromammary space: is a layer of ———between the breast and———-
It is a potential space, often used in———- surgery.
loose connective tissue
pectoral fascia
reconstructive plastic
There are three groups of lymph nodes that receive lymph from breast tissue – the axillary nodes (___%), parasternal nodes (___%) and posterior intercostal nodes (___%).
75
20
5
The breast is innervated by the—— and ——-branches of the——th to—-th ——— nerves.
anterior; lateral cutaneous
4th;6th
intercostal
production and secretion of milk are regulated by the intercoastal nerves
T/F
F
production and secretion of milk is regulated by the hormones——- and ——-, which are secreted from the——- gland.
prolactin; oxytocin; pituitary
most common type of cancer to be diagnosed within the UK is ——-
Breast cancer
——- cancer has the highest death rate from cancer
——- cancer has the second highest death rate from cancer
Lung cancer
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is more common in which gender
more common in women than men.
To assess a suspected breast cancer a triple assessment is carried out. This involves clinical examination, imaging using a——- and——- and finally a——-.
mammogram
ultrasound scan
biopsy
The staging of breast cancer uses the——- system or the——-system.
I-IV
Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM
