Embyology Of Diaphragm

Question 1

Development of Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a _____-shaped _____________ partition separating the ___ from the _____ cavities

Answer 1

dome

musculotendinous

thoracic

abdominal

Question 2

Development of Diaphragm

develops from 4 embryonic components:
•\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
•\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ membrane
• \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_\_\_
•\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 2

Septum transversum

Pleuroperitoneal

Dorsal mesentery of esophagus

Body wall

Question 3

DEVELOPMENT OF DIAPHRAGM

•The diaphragm develops from:

1. Septum transversum: forms the _____
2. Dorsal mesentery of esophagus: forms the ______
3. ____ ingrowth from lateral body wall: _____ part of the diaphragm (____ part)
4. Pleuroperitoneal membranes: _____ of diaphragm

Answer 3

central tendon

right & left crus

Muscular; posterolateral ; costal

small portion

Question 4

SEPTUM TRANSVERSUM
•At 3rd week, it is in the form of mass of ___dermal tissue in the (cranial or caudal?) part of embryo (opposite the ________________ cervical somites)

Answer 4

meso

Cranial

3rd, 4th & 5th

Question 5

Septum transversum

At 4th week (during formation of head fold), it moves (ventral or dorsal?) and (cranially or caudally?) forming a (thin or thick?) (complete or incomplete?) partition between thoracic & abdominal cavities

•At 6th week, it _____ & fuse with ______ and _________ to form the diaphragm

Answer 5

Ventral

Caudally

Thick

Incomplete

expands

dorsal mesentery of esophagus & pleuroperitoneal membranes

Question 6

INNERVATION OF DIAPHRAGM

1. Both motor & sensory supply of the diaphragm is derived from ____ nerve
2. The part of diaphragm derived from lateral body wall receives sensory fibers from __________ nerves

Answer 6

phrenic

lower intercostal

Question 7

ANOMALIES OF DIAPHRAGM

1. __________ HERNIA
2. _________ of ______
3. _________ HERNIA
4. __________ hernia
5. ________ or _______ HERNIA (of _____)

Answer 7

CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC

EVENTRATION OF DIAPHRAGM

CONGENITAL HIATAL

Esophageal

RETROSTERNAL OR PARASTERNAL ; morgagni

Question 8

CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
•A _______ defect of diaphragm (foramen of ______)

• Cause: defective _____ and/or fusion of _________ with other parts of diaphragm
• Effects:

1. Herniation of ____ contents into thoracic cavity
2. ____ and ____ cavities are connected with one another

Answer 8

posterolateral

Bochdalek

formation; pleuroperitoneal membrane

abdominal

Peritoneal & pleural

Question 9

CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA

usually occurs in the (right or left?) side
85-90%

Answer 9

Left

Question 10

EVENTRATION OF DIAPHRAGM
•Cause:

• (Common or rare?)
• __ of diaphragm has defective ____ and ____ up into ____ cavity. (Upward or downward?) displacement of abdominal contents

Effects: (superior or Inferior?) displacement of abdominal viscera (surrounded by ________ forming a _____)

Answer 10

Rare

half; muscles; balloons; chest

Upward

Superior

a part of diaphragm ; pocket

Question 11

CONGENITAL HIATAL HERNIA

(Common or rare?)

abdominal viscera herniate through a (small or large?) ________ or opening.

Answer 11

Rare

Large

esophageal hiatus

Question 12

CONGENITAL HIATAL HERNIA is Usually an acquired lesion seen in adult life

T/F

Answer 12

T

Question 13

ESOPHAGEAL HERNIA
• If esophagus is ____ than normal, part of _____ may appear in the thorax and be _____ as it passes through the enlarged esophageal hernia

Answer 13

shorter

stomach

constricted

Question 14

RETROSTERNAL OR PARASTERNAL HERNIA (of Morgagni):

•a rare defect between ______ and ______ parts of diaphragm.

A small peritoneal sac with _____ often seen in chest

Answer 14

sternum and sternocostal

intestinal loops