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ANA 201 > Muscles Of The Leg > Flashcards

Muscles Of The Leg Flashcards

1
Q

List the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

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2
Q

General action of the muscles of the anterior leg

A

Dorsi flexion of foot and inversion of foot

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3
Q

Which muscles of the anterior leg are extensors

A

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

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4
Q

muscles of the anterior leg are innervated by ?????

A

Deep fibular nerve

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5
Q

muscles of the anterior leg are supplied arterially by ???

A

Anterior tibial artery

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6
Q

Strongest dorsiflexor of the foot is ???

A

Tibialis anterior

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7
Q

To test the power of the tibialis anterior, the patient can be asked to _________

A

stand on their heels

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8
Q

The tibialis anterior muscle is located alongside the (medial or lateral?) surface of the tibia.

A

Lateral

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9
Q

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

-(anterior or Posterior?) to medial malleous

A

Anterior

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10
Q

Tibialis anterior

ORIGIN:____ of ____/ (medial or lateral ?) surface of the ___

INSERTION: ______ and _____

A

upper 2/3 of tibia

Lateral ; tibia

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

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11
Q

Tibialis anterior

ACTION: _____ and _____

INNERVATION:________ nerve

A

inversion; dorsiflexion

deep peroneal

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12
Q

The extensor digitorum longus lies (medial or lateral?) and (superficial or deep?) to the tibialis anterior.

A

Lateral

Deep

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13
Q

The tendons of the EDL can be palpated

T/F

If T, where
If F, why

A

T

on the dorsal surface of the foot.

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14
Q

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
-pass (anterior or posterior?) to lateral maleolus

ORIGIN: (medial or lateral ?) condyle of ___ and (anterior or posterior ?) surface of _____

A

Anterior

Lateral ; tibia

Anterior ; fibula

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15
Q

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

INSERTION: _____ and _____ of __ toes

ACTION: ____ and ____

INNERVATION: __________ nerve

A

middle and distal phalanx; four

eversion, dorsiflexion

deep peroneal

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16
Q

The extensor hallucis longus is located (superficial or deep?) to the EDL and TA.

A

Deep

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17
Q

The extensor hallucis longus

Attachments: Originates from the (medial or lateral ?) surface of the ____ shaft.

The tendon crosses (anterior or posterior?) to the ankle joint and attaches to the (apex or base?) of the ___ phalanx of the great toe.

A

Medial

fibular

Anterior

Base

distal

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18
Q

The extensor hallucis longus

Action: ______ of the great toe and ____ of the foot.

Innervation:__________ nerve.

A

Extension

dorsiflexion

Deep fibular

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19
Q

The fibularis tertius muscles arises from the most (superior or inferior?) part of the EDL.

A

Inferior

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20
Q

The fibularis tertius is present in all individuals

T/F

A

F

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21
Q

Fibularis tertius

Originates with the ______ muscle from the (medial or lateral ?)surface of the fibula.

A

extensor digitorum longus

Medial; fibular

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22
Q

Fibularis tertius

Actions:_____ and ____ of the foot.

Innervation: _______ nerve.

A

Eversion and dorsiflexion

Deep fibular

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23
Q

Footdrop is a clinical sign indicating paralysis of the muscles in the ______ compartment of the leg. It typically occurs as a consequence of damage to the _____nerve – from which the ______ nerve arises.

A

anterior

common fibular (peroneal)

deep fibular

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24
Q

In footdrop, the muscles in the _____ compartment are paralysed.

A

anterior

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25
Q

The unopposed pull of the muscles in the posterior leg produce permanent ____flexion.

A

plantar

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26
Q

muscle of the anterior leg that produces eversion at the subtalar joint?

A

Fibularis tertius

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27
Q

The _______ leg is the largest of the 3 compartments of the leg

A

posterior

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28
Q

Collectively, the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg _______ and ______ the foot.

They are innervated by the ____ nerve, a _____ branch of the ____ nerve.

A

plantarflex and invert

tibial

terminal

sciatic

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29
Q

The superficial muscles of the posterior leg form the characteristic ‘ _____ ’ shape of the posterior leg.

They all insert into the _____ of the foot (the ___ bone), via the ____ tendon.

A

calf

calcaneus

heel

calcaneal

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30
Q

The calcaneal reflex tests spinal roots __-___

A

S1-S2.

31
Q

To minimise friction in the posterior compartment of the leg during movement, there are ___ bursae (fluid filled sacs) associated with the calcaneal tendon:

List them

A

two

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

Deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon

32
Q

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa – lies between the _____ and _____.

Deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon – lies between the ______ and _____

A

skin and the calcaneal tendon

tendon and the calcaneus.

33
Q

The _______ is the most superficial of all the muscles in the posterior leg.

A

gastrocnemius

34
Q

gastrocnemius

It has two heads – ______ and _____ , which converge to form a single muscle belly.

A

medial and lateral

35
Q

Gastrocnemius

Attachments: The lateral head originates from the _____, and medial head from the _____. The fibres converge, and form a single muscle belly.

A

lateral femoral condyle

medial femoral condyle

36
Q

In the lower part of the leg, the muscle belly of gastrocnemius combines with the _____ to from the _________, with inserts onto the _____ (the heel bone).

A

soleus

calcaneal tendon

calcaneus

37
Q

Gastrocnemius

Actions: It ____flexes at the ankle joint, and because it crosses the knee, it is a _____ there.

Innervation: ____ nerve

A

plantar

flexor

Tibial

38
Q

The plantaris is a (small or large ?) muscle with a long tendon, which can be mistaken for a ____ as it descends down the leg.

A

Small

nerve

39
Q

Plantaris is absent in ____% of people.

A

10

40
Q

Plantaris

Attachments:

Originates from the _________ of the femur. The muscle descends (medially or laterally?) , condensing into a tendon that runs down the leg, between the ____ and _____

The tendon blends with the _________

A

lateral supracondylar line

Medially

gastrocnemius and soleus.

calcaneal tendon.

41
Q

Plantaris

Actions: It ____flexes at the ankle joint, and because it crosses the knee, it is a ____ there.

Innervation: ____ nerve

A

plantar

flexor

Tibial

42
Q

Plantaris is a vital muscle for plantar flexion of ankle joint and flexor of knee joint

T/F

A

F

It’s not

43
Q

The soleus is located (superior or deep?) to the gastrocnemius.

It is (small or large?) and (round or flat?) ,

It is named soleus due to its resemblance of a ____ – a ______

A

Deep

Large

Flat

sole; flat fish.

44
Q

Soleus

Attachments: Originates from the ____ of the ——— and (proximal or distal?) ____ area.

The muscle (widens or narrows?) in the lower part of the leg, and joins the _____

A

soleal line of the tibia

Proximal ; fibular

Narrows

calcaneal tendon.

45
Q

Soleus

Actions: ____flexes the foot at the ankle joint.

Innervation:____ Nerve.

A

Plantar

Tibial

46
Q

Ruptured Calcaneal Tendon

Rupture of the calcaneal tendon refers to a partial or complete tear of the tendon. It is more likely to occur in people with a history of _______ (______ ——— of the tendon).

The injury is usually sustained during forceful ____ of the foot. The patient will be unable to_____ the foot against resistance, and the affected foot will be permanently ______.

The _____ and _____ can contract to form a lump in the calf region.

Treatment of a ruptured calcaneal tendon is usually (surgical or non-surgical?) , except in those with ___ lifestyles.

A

calcaneal tendinitis

chronic inflammation

plantarflexion; plantarflex

dorsiflexed

soleus and gastrocnemius

Non-surgical ; active

47
Q

There are ____ muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior leg.

List them and where they act on

A

four

One muscle, the popliteus, acts only on the knee joint. The remaining three muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus) act on the ankle and foot.

48
Q

The popliteus is located (superiorly or inferiorly?) in the leg. It lies (infront of or behind?) the knee joint, forming the (base or apex?) of the _____

A

superiorly

Behind

Base

popliteal fossa.

49
Q

There is a bursa (fluid filled sac) that lies between the _____ and the (anterior or posterior?) surface of the ____ joint. It is called the popliteus bursa.

A

popliteal tendon

Posterior

knee

50
Q

Popliteus

Attachments: Originates from the _____ of the ____ and the (anterior or posterior?) horn of the _______ ———. From there, it runs (superior or inferior?) (Medially or laterally ?) towards the ____ bone and inserts above the ____ of the _____ muscle.

A

lateral condyle of the femur

Posterior

lateral meniscus

Inferior

Medially

tibia

origin of the soleus

51
Q

Popliteus

Actions: (medially or Laterally ?) rotates the ____ on the ____ –this is ‘_____’ the knee joint so that ____ can occur.

Innervation:_____ nerve.

A

Laterally

femur on the tibia

unlocking

flexion

Tibial

52
Q

_______ muscle is the deepest out of the four muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis posterior

53
Q

Tibialis Posterior lies between the ———- and _______ muscles .

A

flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus

54
Q

Tibialis Posterior

Attachments: Originates from the _____ between the ____ and ____, and ____ surfaces of the two bones.

The tendon enters the foot posterior to the _____________ , and attaches to the (plantar or dorsal?) surfaces of the ______ bones.

A

interosseous membrane

tibia and fibula

posterior

medial malleolus

Plantar

medial tarsal

55
Q

Tibialis Posterior

Actions: _____ and ____flexes the foot, maintains the _______ of the foot.

Innervation:______ nerve.

A

Inverts and plantar

medial arch

Tibial

56
Q

Which is larger , Flexor Digitorum Longus or flexor hallucis longus

A

The FDL is (surprisingly) a smaller muscle than the flexor hallucis longus.

57
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

It is located (medially or laterally ?) in the posterior leg.

A

Medially

58
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Attachments:

Originates from the (medial or lateral?) surface of the ____, attaches to the (plantar or dorsal?) surfaces of the ______

A

Medial; tibia

Plantar

lateral four digits.

59
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Actions: _____ the lateral four toes.

Innervation:_____ nerve.

A

Flexes

Tibial

60
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

The flexor hallucis longus muscle is found on the (medial or lateral?) side of leg.

A

Lateral

61
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Attachments: Originates from the (anterior or posterior?) surface of the ____, attaches to the (plantar or dorsal ?) surface of the phalanx of the ______

A

Posterior

fibula

Plantar

great toe.

62
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Actions: ____ the great toe.

Innervation:____ nerve.

A

Flexes

Tibial

63
Q

There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the ______ and ______ (also known as ______ and _____ ).

A

fibularis longus and brevis

peroneal longus and brevis

64
Q

The common function of the muscles of the lateral compartment is ______

They are both innervated by the _______ nerve.

A

eversion

superficial fibular

65
Q

From the anatomical position, only a few degrees of eversion are possible. In reality, the job of these muscles of the lateral compartment is to ‘ ____ ’ the ____ of the foot during ____ , and prevent ________

A

fix

medial margin

running

excessive inversion.

66
Q

Which is larger
Which is deeper

Between fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

A

The fibularis longus is the larger and more superficial muscle within the compartment

67
Q

Fibularis longus

Attachments
The fibularis longus originates from the _____ and ______ surface of the ____ and the ___________

The fibres converge into a tendon, which descends into the foot, (anterior or posterior?) to the lateral malleolus.

The tendon crosses under the foot, and attaches to the bones on the (medial or lateral?) side, namely the _____ and _____

A

superior and lateral

fibula

lateral tibial condyle.

Posterior

Medial

medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I.

68
Q

Fibularis longus

Actions: _____ and ___flexion of the foot.

Innervation: _________ nerve, ___-____

A

Eversion and plantar

Superficial fibular (peroneal)

L4-S1.

69
Q

The fibularis brevis also supports the lateral and transverse arches of the foot.

T/F

A

F

Longus

70
Q

Fibularis brevis

Attachments:
Originates from the (superior or inferior?) (medial or lateral?) surface of the ____ shaft.

The muscle belly forms a tendon, which descends with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ into the foot.
It travels (anteriorly or posteriorly ?) to the lateral malleolus, passing over the \_\_\_\_ and the \_\_\_\_ bones.
The tendon then attaches to a \_\_\_ on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Inferior ; lateral

fibular

fibularis longus

Posteriorly

calcaneus; cuboidal

tubercle; metatarsal V.

71
Q

Fibularis brevis

Actions:______ of the foot.

Innervation: ___________ nerve, L4-S1.

A

Eversion

Superficial fibular (peroneal)

72
Q

The common fibular nerve can be a difficult structure to identify. However, it can be located using the ______ as an anatomical landmark.

A

fibularis longus

73
Q

There is a small space between the parts of the fibularis longus that originate from the ___ of the fibula, and the ____ of the fibula. The ______ nerve passes through this gap, and is easily identified

After passing through the gap, the nerve terminates by bifurcating into two terminal branches; the ____ and ______ nerve.

A

head

Neck

common fibular

deep and superficial fibular

ANA 201 (34 decks)

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