Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANA 201 > Arches Of The Foot > Flashcards

Arches Of The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

The foot plays a double role

  1. Functions as a _______ for the body weight
  2. Functions as a mobile _____ or _____ during ______ and _____
A

rigid support

springboard or lever

walking and running.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

IF THE FOOT POSSESSED A SINGLE BONES
•It (can or cannot?) adapt itself to ____ surfaces

If the feet were more rigid structures, each impact with the ground would generate _______ of short duration (shocks) that would be propagated through the skeletal system
BUT

IF THE FOOT IS FORMED OF
SMALL BONES & MANY JOINTS
•It (can or cannot?) adapt itself to _____ surfaces
•Long (extensors or flexors?) & (small or Large?) muscles of foot assist in propulsive action

A

Cannot

uneven

extremely large forces

Can

uneven

Flexors; small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The foot

When acting as rigid support, ie, When one stands:

i. the arches (sink or float ?) somewhat under the _____,
ii. the individual bones ____ together,
iii. the ligaments linking them are at (minimum or maximum?)? tension and
iv. the foot becomes an (mobile or immobile?) ________

A

Sink; body’s weight

lock

Maximum

Immobile

Pedestal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When acting as a lever, ie, When one walks:

i. the weight is released from the ____,
ii. Arches are (lock or unlock?) and
iii. become a (mobile or immobile?) lever system in the ______-like actions of locomotion.

A

Arches

Unlock

C

spring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A segmented structure can hold up weight only if it is built in the form of _____
•Weight will be distributed on:
•1) the _____ (behind) &
•2) ____ of ______ bones (in front): pressure will be minimized on nerves & vessels in _____

A

arches

heel

heads of metatarsal

sole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The bones of the foot
●the ____
●______
●______

A

tarsus

Metatarsus

phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The bones of the foot
●the tarsus, = ___
●Metatarsus =___, and
●phalanges = ____

A

7

5

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tarsal bones are:

➢ ____
➢_____

➢____

➢_____

➢______

A

talus

calcaneus

cuboid

Navicular

three cuneiforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______ is the only tarsal bone that articulates with the leg bones

A

talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_______ is the largest and strongest bone of the foot

A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

________ is the most lateral tarsal bone in the distal row

A

cuboid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____ cuneiforms

List

A

three

medial, intermediate, lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Navicular

(Rounded or flattened?)

___-shaped bone

located between the ____ posteriorly and the _______ anteriorly

A

Flattened

boat

talar head

three cuneiforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of Arches of the Foot

support weight of the body distributing:
____% to forefoot
____% to the heel

A

40

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Arches of the foot are Fully developed by age ___

A

13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of Arches of the Foot

_____
______
_______

A

Medial longitudinal arch

Lateral longitudinal arch

Transverse arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH

  • is a (concave or Convex?) arch that is located along the (medial or lateral?) aspect of the foot
  • between the ____ of the ______ and the ________–
  • That is, it is formed by: _____, ____,_____, _____ &_________________ bones
A

Concave

Medial

head of the first metatarsal; calcaneal tuberosity

calcaneum; talus; navicular; three cuneiform

first three metatarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Key stone of the MLA is ???

A

Talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Another main structure that makes up the MLA is the _____ fascia

A

plantar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Longest arch of the foot is ???

A

MLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most important arch of the foot is ???

A

MLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which is higher

MLA or LLA

A

MLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the highest part of the medial longitudinal arch being the _________ and _____ joints.

A

talonavicular and naviculocuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MLA

Posterior Pillar: _____
Top: _____
Anterior pillar: ___,__,___
Functions: 1- Distribution of ____,
2- Protection of soft structures,
3-____ absorption.
4- _____ propulsion during walking or running

A

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular, 3 cuniforms, med. 3 metatarsals.

body weight

Shock

Elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

TYPES OF MLA

Based on the structure of the medial longitudinal arch, three types of the foot have been proposed:

_________ or ______ foot,

low arched or (pronated or supinated?) foot, or pes ____, and

high arched or (pronated or supinated?) foot, or pes cavus

A

normally aligned or normal

Pronated; planus

Supinated; cavus

26
Q

Normally aligned foot is defined as the foot in which the bisection of the (anterior or posterior?) surface of the ______ is (parallel or perpendicular?) to the ground and its _______ is within normal range.

A

Posterior

calcaneus

perpendicular

arch height

27
Q

Pronated foot is defined as the foot in which the calcaneus is ______ and its arch is _____ or ____

A

everted

low or absent.

28
Q

The pronated foot, with a greater ground contact area, is (less or more?) flexible, leading to the load to be absorbed by the _________ structures of the foot.

A

More

musculoskeletal

29
Q

A (lower or higher?) plantar pressure on _____ has been observed for the people with pronated foot during walking

A

Higher

midfoot

30
Q

The supinated foot is more (rigid or flexible?) with (limited or abundant?) shock absorption ability, prone to (lower or higher?) stress underneath the ____ and more force passing to the ______

A

Rigid

Limited

Higher

heel

tibia

31
Q

MLA and Bipedalism

The development of the MLA had two major effects on the evolution of bipedal human gait:

First, it provides the ______ enough mechanical advantage to ______ of the body during the ____ phase of gait

Secondly, it provides the foot with the capacity to ____ some of the ___eased shock cause by _____

A

plantar flexors

lift the weight

stance

absorb; incr

upright striding

32
Q

The movement of the MLA is complex and is explained in different ways, including using a term called the ‘ _______ mechanism’ –
described as ____-flexion of the ______ joints which generates traction on the ____ fascia and causes the arch to elevate.

A

windlass

Dorsi

metatarsophalangeal

plantar

33
Q

During toe-off in the gait cycle, the toes are ___-flexed (actively or passively?) as the body passes over the foot and the ______ tightens and acts to (shorten or lengthen?) the distance between the _______ and the ______

A

dorsi

Passively

plantar fascia

Shorten

metatarsal head and the heel.

34
Q

The design and movement of this MLA predicts (lower or higher?) strain energy storage and (more or less?) resultant injuries for ________ arched individuals, as compared to those with normally arched feet

A

Lower

More

both low- and high

35
Q

LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH:

Formed by: _______,_____,_____,__ bones

A

calcaneum, cuboid , fourth & fifth metatarsal

36
Q

Key stone of LLA is ???

A

Cuboid

37
Q

The Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Posterior Pillar: _______
Anterior pillar: _____,______
Functions: 1- Distribution of body weight,
2- Protection of soft structures,
3- Shock absorption.
4- Support the body weight during _________.

A

Calcaneus

Cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals.

standing

38
Q

Fundamental Longitudinal Arch

While MLA & LLA represent the component antero-posterior arches of the foot,
the fundamental longitudinal arch is involves both arches
T/F

A

F

39
Q

FLA

consists of the _____,______,_____,_____

all the other bones of the foot may be removed without destroying this arch
T/F

A

calcaneus, cuboid, third cuneiform, and third metatarsal

T

40
Q

TRANSVERSE /______ ARCH:

It is formed by:

_____ of _____ bones,____ & _______ bones

A

LATERAL

bases

metatarsal

cuboid

three cuneiform

41
Q

Transverse arch

Is a full arch

A

F

It is only half an arch

42
Q

Passive and Dynamic Factors

Passive factors involved in forming and maintaining the arches of the foot include:
The ____ of the united bones (both arches, but especially the ______ arch).

____ successive layers of fibrous tissue that _____ the ______ arch (superficial to deep):

Plantar _____.
________ ligament.
____________ ligament.
___________ ligament.

A

shape

transverse

Four

bowstring

longitudinal

aponeurosis; Long plantar

Plantar calcaneocuboid; Plantar calcaneonavicular

43
Q

Plantar calcaneocuboid (_______) ligament.

Plantar calcaneonavicular (_____) ligament.

A

short plantar

spring

44
Q

Dynamic supports involved in maintaining the arches of the foot include
(Active or passive?) (_____) bracing action of ____ muscles of foot (______ arch).

Active & tonic contraction of muscles with long tendons extending into foot:

_________ and _________ for the longitudinal arch.
_________ and ___________ for the transverse arch

A

Active ; reflexive

intrinsic; longitudinal

Flexors hallucis and digitorum longus

Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

45
Q

the ________ and _______ bear the greatest stress and are most important in maintaining the arches of the foot.

A

plantar ligaments and the plantar aponeurosis

46
Q

FACTORS MAINTAINING ARCHES OF FOOT

Shape of ____
Strength of ____
Tone of _____

A

bones

ligaments

muscles

47
Q

MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT

SHAPE OF BONES
Bones are ____-shaped with the thin edge lying (Superiorly or inferiorly?)

This applies particularly to the _____

A

wedge

Inferiorly

keystone

48
Q

the bone occupying the _____ of the arch “keystone”

A

center

49
Q

Keystones

____ in MLA & _____ in LLA

A

talus

cuboid

50
Q

In the arches

(Superior or inferior?) EDGES OF BONES ARE TIED TOGETHER

A

INFERIOR

51
Q

INFERIOR EDGES OF BONES ARE TIED TOGETHER

Medial longtitudinal arch: ______ ligament, _____ muscle

Lateral longtitudinal arch: _____ and _______ ligaments

Transverse arch:_______ ligaments, transverse head of ______, dorsal _____

A

plantar calcaneonavicular; tibialis posterior

long & short plantar

deep transverse

adductor hallucis; interossei

52
Q

TYING THE ENDS OF THE ARCH TOGETHER

Medial longtitudinal arch: plantar ____, medial part of __________,_______,______,______

Lateral longtitudinal arch: plantar _______, lateral part of __________,_______,________

Transverse arch: _______

A

aponeurosis

flexor digitorum longus & brevis

flexor hallucis longus; flexor hallucis brevis

abductor hallucis

aponeurosis; flexor digitorum longus & brevis; flexor digiti minimi; abductor digiti minimi

peroneus longus

53
Q

SUSPENDING THE ARCH FROM ABOVE

Medial longtitudinal arch: _____,_____, (medial or lateral?) ligament of ankle joint

Lateral longtitudinal arch:_____,_____
Transverse arch:_________

A

tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior; medial

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

peroneus longus

54
Q 
ANOMALIES

Talipes equinovarus (aka congenital \_\_\_\_\_):  \_\_\_\_ flexion, \_\_duction of the foot.

Talipes calcaneovulgus: ___flexion, __version, and ____duction

Talipes calcaneovarus: combination of _____ and _____ , marked by a ____flexed, __verted, and ___ducted foot.

A

Clubfoot; Plantar

ad

Dorsi; e; ab

talipes calcaneus and talipes varus

dorsi;in; ad

55
Q

Sprain:____ of the ____ of the ankle leading to _______

A

Tear

ligaments

Severe dissabilities

56
Q

Flat foot (pes ____):

______ of the calcaneus leading to __version of the plantar surface, ____ of the talus and navicular leading to (lengthening or shortening ?) of the medial longitudinal arch and __uction of the forefoot.

A

planus

Rotation; evertion

slipping down

lengthening

Abd

57
Q

Pes planus

Cause: Excess weight on the (medial or lateral?) side of the foot due to ________ of bones, _____ of ligaments, or _____ imbalance. Cause could also be ____

A

Medial

malalignment

relaxation

muscular
congenital

58
Q

PES PLANUS

A condition in which the ______ arch is (depressed or elevated ?)

The forefoot is (inverted or everted?)

The head of talus is forced (upward or downward?) & (medially or laterally?)

A

medial longitudinal

depressed

Everted

Downward

Medially

59
Q

The causes of pes planus is only congenital

T/F

A

F

The causes are both congenital and acquired

60
Q

Factors keeping the Transverse Arch:

Bony Factor:
____ and ___ are _____- shaped.

Ligaments:
_________ ligament , _____ ligaments. (dorsal and planter)

Muscles:
- _______ and ____,
- Transverse head of _______,
- Slips of __________

A

Intermediate and
lateral cuniforms

wedge

Deep transverse

interosseous

Peroneus longus &
brevis

adductor hallucis

tibialis
posterior

61
Q

Factors keeping lateral Long. Arch:
1. Ligaments: plantar ______,
________ Ligaments .,
_______ and _____ ligs.

  1. Muscles: ____________.
    __________.
    ( Short or long?) muscles of the toe.
  2. Bony factor: The shape and
    constitution of the
    bones keep the foot
    in the arching position
A

aponeurosis

interosseous

long & short plantar

Peroneus longus & brevis

Flexor digitorum longus

Short; little toe

62
Q

Factors keeping medial Longitudinal Arch:

  1. Ligaments: ____ ligament, ____ ligament ,
    plantar _____,
    ______ ligaments .,
    __________ ligs.
  2. Muscles: _______, _______,
    ___________,
    __________,
    (short or long ?) muscles of the _____
  3. Bony factor: The shape and constitution
    of the bones keep the foot in
    the arching position.
A

Spring; deltoid

aponeurosis

interosseous

long & short plantar

Tibialis posterior , tibialis anterior

flexor hallucis longus; flexor digitorum longus

Short; big toe.

ANA 201 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions