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ANA 201 > Blood Supply Of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Blood Supply Of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Most of the blood supply to the lower limb is carried in the ________ artery.
•This becomes the ____ artery as it enters the thigh by passing deep to the ______ at the groin.

A

external iliac

femoral

inguinal ligament

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2
Q

In the femoral triangle of the upper thigh, the femoral artery has a major branch; the ________ artery which supplies much of the thigh.

A

profunda femoris

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3
Q

The femoral artery leaves the femoral triangle and runs through the ______

then the femoral artery enters the ____ fossa by passing through the _____ muscle.

The name of the vessel then changes to the_____ artery.

A

adductor canal.

popliteal

adductor magnus

popliteal

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4
Q

Below the level of the knee joint, the popliteal artery divides into the ______ and _____ arteries.

A

anterior and posterior tibial

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5
Q

The anterior tibial artery

-enters the _____ compartment of the leg by passing between the ____ and ____ bones (above or below?) the interosseous membrane.

•It supplies the structures in the ____
compartment of the leg and continues onto the ______ of the foot as the ____ artery, which finally enters the ___ of the foot .

A

anterior

tibia and fibula

Above

anterior

dorsum

dorsalis pedis

sole

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6
Q

The posterior tibial artery continues through the shin, lying between the ___ and the deeper muscles and giving off the ____ artery, which enters the ____ compartment.
• It then enters the ____ of the foot by passing behind the ______

A

soleus

peroneal

lateral

sole

medial malleolus.

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7
Q

In the sole, the posterior tibial artery divides into the _____ and _______ arteries which anastomose with _____ and with the _______ artery to supply the (anterior or posterior ?) foot.

A

medial and lateral plantar

Each other

dorsalis pedis

Anterior

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8
Q

The veins of the lower limb drain (oxygenated or deoxygenated?) blood and return it to the heart.

They can be divided into two groups – ____ and ______:

A

deoxygenated

deep and superficial

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9
Q

Lower limb

Deep veins are located underneath the _____ of the lower limb, accompanying the _____

Superficial veins are found in the ________.

A

deep fascia

major arteries.

subcutaneous tissue

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10
Q

Superficial veins of lower limb eventually drain into the deep veins

T/F

A

T

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11
Q

both deep and superficial venous drainages of the lower limb anastomose through _______ veins.

A

perforating

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12
Q

Veins of both systems of the lower limb have few valves along their length.

T/F

A

F

Numerous

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13
Q

Deep veins of lower limb

The deep venous drainage system of the lower limb is located beneath the ________ of the lower limb.

A

deep fascia

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14
Q

Often, the artery and vein are located within the same vascular sheath

T/F

With reason

A

T

so that the arterial pulsations aid the venous return.

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15
Q

Anterior tibial vein:

Veins accompanying ______ arteries end in the ________ arch (_____ artery)

Venous arch continues as the anterior tibial vein

Finally joins with the posterior tibial vein to form _____ vein

A

dorsal metatarsal

dorsal venous

arcuate

popliteal

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16
Q

Posterior tibial vein:

_________ veins join to form ____ arch (continues as _____ vein)

This will join the _____ vein and continue as posterior tibial vein

This vein is joined by the _________ vein

A

Plantar metatarsal

plantar

lateral plantar

medial plantar

peroneal or fibular

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17
Q

Posterior tibial vein combines with the anterior tibial vein and continues as ______ vein

These veins receive many tributaries corresponding to the branches of the arteries of same name.

A

popliteal

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18
Q

Continuation of the popliteal vein is ????

A

Femoral vein

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19
Q

Femoral vein

Receives _______ vein and its tributaries
Many muscular veins form other tributaries of this vein

Continues as _______ vein

A

profunda femoris

external iliac

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20
Q

Factors responsible for venous return from lower limb

General factors :
•(positive or Negative?) intra thoracic pressure(_______ position ).
•The _____ of accompanying arteries.
•The valves allows the blood to flow in ____ direction only.
•The deep veins lie in the ______ compartment.
(____ position).

A

Negative; Recumbent

pulsations

upward

tight fascial ; upright

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21
Q

Factors responsible for venous return from lower limb

Local factors:

Muscular : When the limb is active, muscular contraction _____ the ___ veins and drives the blood in them _____.

Fascial : Tight sleeve of deep fascia makes the muscular compression of the veins _______ by limiting _______ of the muscles.

A

compresses

deep

upwards

much more effective

outward bulging

22
Q

Veins of lower limb are muscular

T/F

A

T

23
Q

Superficial veins of lower limb

-Lie in _____ fascia.
•Drain into ____ veins at their termination.
•Connect to deep veins through _____ veins.

A

superficial

deep

perforating

24
Q

Superficial Veins of lower limb include:

  • _________
  • ________________ vein.
  • __________________ vein
A

Dorsal Venous arch.

Great or long saphenous

Small or short saphenous

25
Q

Dorsal venous arch

Begins behind _____ of ____

A

heads of metatarsals

26
Q

Small Saphenous vein
•From plexus on (plantar or dorsum?) & (medial or lateral?) aspect of foot
•Courses upwards (behind or infront of?) ________ to median line of calf, accompanied by ____ nerve
•Empties into ______ vein
• _____ valves, __ near termination
•Communicates with ___ veins & with _______ vein

A

Dorsum

Lateral

behind

lat malleolus

sural

popliteal

7-13; 1

deep; great saphenous

27
Q

Great saphenous vein

Longest vein
•Continuation of (medial or lateral?) end of dorsal venous arch
•This vein is a conjunction of the dorsal vein of the _______ and the _______ of the foot.
•It travels up the leg, (anterior or posterior?) to the _________ ), and ascends all the way up the lower limb on the inner aspect of ______ and ______
•At the height of the upper thigh, it enters through the saphenous opening of the ____ and empties into the _____ vein.

A

Medial

great toe

dorsal venous arch

Anterior

medial malleolus

leg and thigh.

fascia lata; femoral

28
Q

Small Saphenous Vein

Bifurcates to drain into :
•________ vein
•_________ vein

A

Great saphenous

Popliteal

29
Q

VARICOSE VEIN: Varicose disease of the ____ veins of the lower limb is the most common chronic venous disease, affecting ___% of the adult population.

A

superficial

15

30
Q

Primary varices generally result from _____ of the wall of the vein leading to (constricted or dilated?) , ____ vessels and incompetent venous _____.

Secondary varices can develop from ______ of the deep veins with incompetence of the ____ veins. This causes a reversal of flow through the perforating veins.

As the superficial veins dilate with increased volume, valve leaflets _____ and become _______.

A

degeneration

Dilated

tortuous

valves

chronic occlusion

perforator

separate; incompetent

31
Q

Varicose veins are due to ______ valves within the _____ veins, with blood no longer passing from ______ to _____ veins.

•The superficial veins become _____ and______ because blood can now flow from ___ to ____ veins.

A

incompetent

perforating

superficial to deep

Tortuous and dilated

deep to superficial

32
Q

If valve incompetence is at sapheno-femoral junction, it is known as a ________.

A

saphena varix

33
Q

DEEP VEIN THROMBOSES (DVT) Thromboses (blood clots) in the deep veins of the leg result from ____, the ____ or _____ of blood.
•This can result from prolonged ____ or anatomic abnormalities such as ____ of the ____ fascia.

  • Thrombi from the legs can break off and travel to the heart and lungs, lodging in the pulmonary arterial tree as pulmonary ____.
  • Large clots can severely impair lung function and even cause death.
A

stasis

slowing or pooling

inactivity

laxity

crural

emboli

34
Q

Thrombophlebitis is the ______ of vein caused by ________.

A

inflammation

thrombosis

35
Q

Superficial inguinal Lymph nodes

Exist in the _____ fascia of the _____ region.

They can be ordered in 2 groups: upper and lower, resembling the letter “ ___ ”.
The upper horizontal group includes _____ nodes, which are located (above or below?) the inguinal ligament.

A

superficial

inguinal

T

5 or 6

Below

36
Q

The lateral members of upper group (2 or 3 nodes) of superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive afferent from:

  • _____ region.
  • (Upper or lower?) part of the (medial or lateral?) side of the thigh.
  • ______ and ____ of the abdominal wall below the _____ plane.
A

Gluteal

Upper

Lateral

Flank and rear

umbilical

37
Q

The medial members of the upper group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive afferent from:
•______ tissue of the ——— abdominal wall below the ____
•Penis consisting of ____ and ___ in male, ____ and _____ (above or below?) the hymen in female.
•______ and (upper or lower?) part of the anal canal (above or below?) the pectinate line.
•Few lymphatics from the _____ angle of uterus which accompany the _______________

A

Subcutaneous ; anterior ;umbilicus

prepuce and scrotum
vulva and vagina; Below

Perineum; lower; below

superolateral; round ligament of uterus.

38
Q

The lower vertical group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes is composed of _______ nodes.

They can be set along either side of the terminal part of _________ vein.

They receive afferent from the skin and fasciae of the majority of the lower limb (great saphenous land), with the exception of ______, which drain into upper lateral group and the ______, which drain into ___ nodes.

A

4 or 5

great saphenous

buttock

short saphenous land

popliteal

39
Q

The efferents from all the superficial inguinal nodes pierce the _____ fascia and terminate into the _______ nodes.

A

cribriform

deep inguinal

40
Q

Deep lymph nodes of the lower limb

_____
______
_______

A

INGUINAL

POPLITEAL

ANTERIOR TIBIAL

41
Q

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

These are about ____ in number, and are located on the (medial or lateral?) side of the (upper or lower ?) part of the ____ vein in the femoral triangle.
• The most proximal node of the group (gland of _____ or ______ ) is located in the femoral canal. These nodes receive afferents from:
• (a) the _____ nodes,
• (b)_______ nodes,
• (c)__________, and
• (d)________ of the lower limb accompanying femoral vessels.

A

4 to 5

Medial

Upper

femoral

Cloquet or Rosenmuller

superficial inguinal; popliteal; glans of penis/clitoris; deep lymphatics

42
Q

Their efferent vessels from the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain into the ______ nodes after piercing the ______, which shuts the _____

A

external iliac

femoral septum

femoral ring.

43
Q

Popliteal lymph nodes

The popliteal lymph nodes (about _____ in number) are embedded in the ________ near the _______ of the ______ vein;
The popliteal nodes receive afferents from:

a) the land of _______ vein
b) deep parts of the ___, running along the ____________ vessels, and the ____ joint.

A

3 to 6

popliteal pad of fat

conclusion of the small saphenous

small saphenous

leg; anterior and posterior tibial ; knee

44
Q

3 nodes are located between the popliteal artery and the oblique popliteal ligament.
T/F

A

F

1

45
Q

The efferents from the popliteal nodes run along the ____ and _____ vessels to terminate into the _______ nodes.

A

popliteal and femoral

deep inguinal

46
Q

The popliteal lymph nodes are exceptional, meaning they are the only ______, which ___________________

A

deep nodes

receive both the superficial and deep lymph vessels.

47
Q

Anterior tibial lymph node

The anterior tibial lymph node is seen along the (upper or lower?) part of _____ artery.

When present, it gets the afferents from the _____ compartment of the leg, and its efferents enter the ______ nodes.

A

Upper

anterior tibial

anterior

popliteal

48
Q

The anterior tibial lymph node is an inconstant node

T/F

A

T

49
Q

The testicles follow a different lymphatic route and drain directly
to the ______ nodes and therefore will rarely cause inguinal lymph node enlargement.

A

para aortic

50
Q

Elephantiasis: The lymph vessels of the lower limb in many cases are _____, especially in the endemic regions, by the _____ parasites (_________).
This causes enormous edema of the lower limb creating a clinical condition named elephantiasis. In this illness, there’s hypertrophy of the ______ and _____ to an uncommon percentage.

A

obstructed

microfilarial

Wuchereria bancrofti

skin and subcutaneous tissue

ANA 201 (34 decks)

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