Blood Supply Of Lower Limb Flashcards
Most of the blood supply to the lower limb is carried in the ________ artery.
•This becomes the ____ artery as it enters the thigh by passing deep to the ______ at the groin.
external iliac
femoral
inguinal ligament
In the femoral triangle of the upper thigh, the femoral artery has a major branch; the ________ artery which supplies much of the thigh.
profunda femoris
The femoral artery leaves the femoral triangle and runs through the ______
then the femoral artery enters the ____ fossa by passing through the _____ muscle.
The name of the vessel then changes to the_____ artery.
adductor canal.
popliteal
adductor magnus
popliteal
Below the level of the knee joint, the popliteal artery divides into the ______ and _____ arteries.
anterior and posterior tibial
The anterior tibial artery
-enters the _____ compartment of the leg by passing between the ____ and ____ bones (above or below?) the interosseous membrane.
•It supplies the structures in the ____
compartment of the leg and continues onto the ______ of the foot as the ____ artery, which finally enters the ___ of the foot .
anterior
tibia and fibula
Above
anterior
dorsum
dorsalis pedis
sole
The posterior tibial artery continues through the shin, lying between the ___ and the deeper muscles and giving off the ____ artery, which enters the ____ compartment.
• It then enters the ____ of the foot by passing behind the ______
soleus
peroneal
lateral
sole
medial malleolus.
In the sole, the posterior tibial artery divides into the _____ and _______ arteries which anastomose with _____ and with the _______ artery to supply the (anterior or posterior ?) foot.
medial and lateral plantar
Each other
dorsalis pedis
Anterior
The veins of the lower limb drain (oxygenated or deoxygenated?) blood and return it to the heart.
They can be divided into two groups – ____ and ______:
deoxygenated
deep and superficial
Lower limb
Deep veins are located underneath the _____ of the lower limb, accompanying the _____
Superficial veins are found in the ________.
deep fascia
major arteries.
subcutaneous tissue
Superficial veins of lower limb eventually drain into the deep veins
T/F
T
both deep and superficial venous drainages of the lower limb anastomose through _______ veins.
perforating
Veins of both systems of the lower limb have few valves along their length.
T/F
F
Numerous
Deep veins of lower limb
The deep venous drainage system of the lower limb is located beneath the ________ of the lower limb.
deep fascia
Often, the artery and vein are located within the same vascular sheath
T/F
With reason
T
so that the arterial pulsations aid the venous return.
Anterior tibial vein:
Veins accompanying ______ arteries end in the ________ arch (_____ artery)
Venous arch continues as the anterior tibial vein
Finally joins with the posterior tibial vein to form _____ vein
dorsal metatarsal
dorsal venous
arcuate
popliteal
Posterior tibial vein:
_________ veins join to form ____ arch (continues as _____ vein)
This will join the _____ vein and continue as posterior tibial vein
This vein is joined by the _________ vein
Plantar metatarsal
plantar
lateral plantar
medial plantar
peroneal or fibular
Posterior tibial vein combines with the anterior tibial vein and continues as ______ vein
These veins receive many tributaries corresponding to the branches of the arteries of same name.
popliteal
Continuation of the popliteal vein is ????
Femoral vein
Femoral vein
Receives _______ vein and its tributaries
Many muscular veins form other tributaries of this vein
Continues as _______ vein
profunda femoris
external iliac
Factors responsible for venous return from lower limb
General factors :
•(positive or Negative?) intra thoracic pressure(_______ position ).
•The _____ of accompanying arteries.
•The valves allows the blood to flow in ____ direction only.
•The deep veins lie in the ______ compartment.
(____ position).
Negative; Recumbent
pulsations
upward
tight fascial ; upright
Factors responsible for venous return from lower limb
Local factors:
Muscular : When the limb is active, muscular contraction _____ the ___ veins and drives the blood in them _____.
Fascial : Tight sleeve of deep fascia makes the muscular compression of the veins _______ by limiting _______ of the muscles.
compresses
deep
upwards
much more effective
outward bulging
Veins of lower limb are muscular
T/F
T
Superficial veins of lower limb
-Lie in _____ fascia.
•Drain into ____ veins at their termination.
•Connect to deep veins through _____ veins.
superficial
deep
perforating
Superficial Veins of lower limb include:
- _________
- ________________ vein.
- __________________ vein
Dorsal Venous arch.
Great or long saphenous
Small or short saphenous
Dorsal venous arch
Begins behind _____ of ____
heads of metatarsals
Small Saphenous vein
•From plexus on (plantar or dorsum?) & (medial or lateral?) aspect of foot
•Courses upwards (behind or infront of?) ________ to median line of calf, accompanied by ____ nerve
•Empties into ______ vein
• _____ valves, __ near termination
•Communicates with ___ veins & with _______ vein
Dorsum
Lateral
behind
lat malleolus
sural
popliteal
7-13; 1
deep; great saphenous
Great saphenous vein
Longest vein
•Continuation of (medial or lateral?) end of dorsal venous arch
•This vein is a conjunction of the dorsal vein of the _______ and the _______ of the foot.
•It travels up the leg, (anterior or posterior?) to the _________ ), and ascends all the way up the lower limb on the inner aspect of ______ and ______
•At the height of the upper thigh, it enters through the saphenous opening of the ____ and empties into the _____ vein.
Medial
great toe
dorsal venous arch
Anterior
medial malleolus
leg and thigh.
fascia lata; femoral
Small Saphenous Vein
Bifurcates to drain into :
•________ vein
•_________ vein
Great saphenous
Popliteal
VARICOSE VEIN: Varicose disease of the ____ veins of the lower limb is the most common chronic venous disease, affecting ___% of the adult population.
superficial
15
Primary varices generally result from _____ of the wall of the vein leading to (constricted or dilated?) , ____ vessels and incompetent venous _____.
Secondary varices can develop from ______ of the deep veins with incompetence of the ____ veins. This causes a reversal of flow through the perforating veins.
As the superficial veins dilate with increased volume, valve leaflets _____ and become _______.
degeneration
Dilated
tortuous
valves
chronic occlusion
perforator
separate; incompetent
Varicose veins are due to ______ valves within the _____ veins, with blood no longer passing from ______ to _____ veins.
•The superficial veins become _____ and______ because blood can now flow from ___ to ____ veins.
incompetent
perforating
superficial to deep
Tortuous and dilated
deep to superficial
If valve incompetence is at sapheno-femoral junction, it is known as a ________.
saphena varix
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSES (DVT) Thromboses (blood clots) in the deep veins of the leg result from ____, the ____ or _____ of blood.
•This can result from prolonged ____ or anatomic abnormalities such as ____ of the ____ fascia.
- Thrombi from the legs can break off and travel to the heart and lungs, lodging in the pulmonary arterial tree as pulmonary ____.
- Large clots can severely impair lung function and even cause death.
stasis
slowing or pooling
inactivity
laxity
crural
emboli
Thrombophlebitis is the ______ of vein caused by ________.
inflammation
thrombosis
Superficial inguinal Lymph nodes
Exist in the _____ fascia of the _____ region.
They can be ordered in 2 groups: upper and lower, resembling the letter “ ___ ”.
The upper horizontal group includes _____ nodes, which are located (above or below?) the inguinal ligament.
superficial
inguinal
T
5 or 6
Below
The lateral members of upper group (2 or 3 nodes) of superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive afferent from:
- _____ region.
- (Upper or lower?) part of the (medial or lateral?) side of the thigh.
- ______ and ____ of the abdominal wall below the _____ plane.
Gluteal
Upper
Lateral
Flank and rear
umbilical
The medial members of the upper group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive afferent from:
•______ tissue of the ——— abdominal wall below the ____
•Penis consisting of ____ and ___ in male, ____ and _____ (above or below?) the hymen in female.
•______ and (upper or lower?) part of the anal canal (above or below?) the pectinate line.
•Few lymphatics from the _____ angle of uterus which accompany the _______________
Subcutaneous ; anterior ;umbilicus
prepuce and scrotum
vulva and vagina; Below
Perineum; lower; below
superolateral; round ligament of uterus.
The lower vertical group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes is composed of _______ nodes.
They can be set along either side of the terminal part of _________ vein.
They receive afferent from the skin and fasciae of the majority of the lower limb (great saphenous land), with the exception of ______, which drain into upper lateral group and the ______, which drain into ___ nodes.
4 or 5
great saphenous
buttock
short saphenous land
popliteal
The efferents from all the superficial inguinal nodes pierce the _____ fascia and terminate into the _______ nodes.
cribriform
deep inguinal
Deep lymph nodes of the lower limb
_____
______
_______
INGUINAL
POPLITEAL
ANTERIOR TIBIAL
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
These are about ____ in number, and are located on the (medial or lateral?) side of the (upper or lower ?) part of the ____ vein in the femoral triangle.
• The most proximal node of the group (gland of _____ or ______ ) is located in the femoral canal. These nodes receive afferents from:
• (a) the _____ nodes,
• (b)_______ nodes,
• (c)__________, and
• (d)________ of the lower limb accompanying femoral vessels.
4 to 5
Medial
Upper
femoral
Cloquet or Rosenmuller
superficial inguinal; popliteal; glans of penis/clitoris; deep lymphatics
Their efferent vessels from the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain into the ______ nodes after piercing the ______, which shuts the _____
external iliac
femoral septum
femoral ring.
Popliteal lymph nodes
The popliteal lymph nodes (about _____ in number) are embedded in the ________ near the _______ of the ______ vein;
The popliteal nodes receive afferents from:
a) the land of _______ vein
b) deep parts of the ___, running along the ____________ vessels, and the ____ joint.
3 to 6
popliteal pad of fat
conclusion of the small saphenous
small saphenous
leg; anterior and posterior tibial ; knee
3 nodes are located between the popliteal artery and the oblique popliteal ligament.
T/F
F
1
The efferents from the popliteal nodes run along the ____ and _____ vessels to terminate into the _______ nodes.
popliteal and femoral
deep inguinal
The popliteal lymph nodes are exceptional, meaning they are the only ______, which ___________________
deep nodes
receive both the superficial and deep lymph vessels.
Anterior tibial lymph node
The anterior tibial lymph node is seen along the (upper or lower?) part of _____ artery.
When present, it gets the afferents from the _____ compartment of the leg, and its efferents enter the ______ nodes.
Upper
anterior tibial
anterior
popliteal
The anterior tibial lymph node is an inconstant node
T/F
T
The testicles follow a different lymphatic route and drain directly
to the ______ nodes and therefore will rarely cause inguinal lymph node enlargement.
para aortic
Elephantiasis: The lymph vessels of the lower limb in many cases are _____, especially in the endemic regions, by the _____ parasites (_________).
This causes enormous edema of the lower limb creating a clinical condition named elephantiasis. In this illness, there’s hypertrophy of the ______ and _____ to an uncommon percentage.
obstructed
microfilarial
Wuchereria bancrofti
skin and subcutaneous tissue
