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ANA 201 > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Lungs

  • Texture:_____
  • Color: Young- _____
  • Adult- ______ due to _________

•Weight: right- ___gram
left- ____ gram

A

Spongy

Brown

molted black; deposition of carbon particles

600

550

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2
Q

Each lung has the following features:

  • It is ____ in shape.
  • It has an apex, a base and 2 surfaces.
  • The costal surface of each lung borders the ribs (front and back).
  • On the medial (mediastinal) surface, the bronchi, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung at the ___
A

conical

hilum

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3
Q

Apex of lungs:

projects into _______(one inch above the _____ of the _____).

It is covered by ______

It is grooved anteriorly by _______

•Base: (inferior= _____ surface) is (concave or convex?) and sits on the diaphragm.

A

root of the neck

medial 1/3; clavicle

cervical pleura.

subclavian artery.

diaphragmatic

Concave

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4
Q

Anterior border :

is (sharp or blunt?) , (thin or thick?) and overlaps the _____.

  • Anterior border of left lung presents a cardiac notch at its (upper or lower?) end + (thin or thick?) projection called the _____ ( above or below ?) the cardiac notch.
  • Posterior border : is (flattened or rounded?) , (thin or thick?) and lies beside the _______
A

Sharp

Thin

heart

Lower; thin ; lingula

Below

rounded ; thick

vertebral column.

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5
Q

Costal surface of the lungs

  • (concave or Convex ?)
  • Covered by _____ which separates lung from: ribs, costal cartilages & intercostal muscles.
A

Convex

costal pleura

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6
Q

Medial surface of the lungs

  • It is divided into 2 parts:
  • Anterior (______) part:
  • Contains a ____ in the middle (it is a depression in which bronchi, vessels, & nerves forming the root of lung).
  • Posterior (______) part:
  • It is related to: _____ of thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs, posterior intercostal vessels & sympathetic trunk.
A

mediastinal; hilum

vertebral

bodies

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7
Q

RIGHT LUNG ROOT

_____ lie posterior.

  • ________ is superior
  • ____________ anterior
A

2 bronchi

Pulmonary artery

2 Pulmonary veins

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8
Q

LEFT LUNG ROOT

________ lies posterior
•________ is superior
•__________ anterior

A

One bronchus

Pulmonary artery

2 Pulmonary veins

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9
Q

Right lung

(Smaller or Larger?) & (shorter or longer?) than left lung.
•Divided by 2 fissures (____ and ____) into 3 lobes (upper, middle and lower lobes).

A

Larger ; shorter

oblique & horizontal

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10
Q

Left lung

Divided by one _____ fissure into -2 lobes, Upper and lower.

•It has a ______ at lower part of its (anterior or Posterior?) border.

A

oblique

cardiac notch

Anterior

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11
Q

Left Lung has horizontal fissure.

T/F

A

F

There is No horizontal fissure.

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12
Q

Mediastinal surface of right lung

On the mediastinal surface of the right lung, you find these structures:

  • ____ vein and its arch ((anterior or posterior?) and over the root of the lung).
  • ____ nerve (anterior or posterior?) to the root.
  • _____ above and posterior to the root.
  • ____ nerve anterior to the root.
  • ____ impression: related to _____.
  • Below hilum and in front of pulmonary ligament:
  • Groove for _____
A

Azygos ; Posterior

Vagus; Posterior

Esophagus

Phrenic

Cardiac; right atrium

I.V.C.

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13
Q

Mediastinal surface of left lung

On the mediastinal surface of the left lung, you will find these structures:
•\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ posterior to the root.
•\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve posterior to the root.
•Arch of the aorta (over or below?) the root.
•Groove for \_\_\_\_\_\_ artery.
•Groove for \_\_\_\_\_\_ artery.
•\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve anterior to the root.
•\_\_\_\_\_ impression : related to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Descending aorta

Vagus

Over

left common carotid

left subclavian

Phrenic

Cardiac; left ventricle.

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14
Q

Blood supply of the lung

_______ arteries (branches of __________)….. supply oxygenated blood to bronchi , lung tissue & visceral pleura.

•Bronchial veins : drain into _____ and ___ veins.

  • ______ artery which carries non-oxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lung alveoli.
  • _______ veins : carry oxygenated blood from lung alveoli to the left atrium.
A

Bronchial; descending thoracic aorta

azygos & hemiazygos

Pulmonary

2 pulmonary veins

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15
Q

Nerve supply of the lung

Pulmonary plexus :
•at the ____________….is formed of autonomic N.S. from sympathetic & parasympathetic fibres.
1- Sympathetic F. from .. ________ and does broncho-______ and vaso_____.
2- Parasympathetic F. from….Vagus nerve …. Broncho- ______ and _____ to bronchial glands /and vaso_______

A

root of lung

sympathetic trunk

dilatation

constriction

constriction

secretomotor

dilatation.

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16
Q

BRONCHIIII

The trachea divides into 2 main bronchi:

  • Right main bronchus: It ___ (before or after?) entering the hilum, it gives off ____ lobar ( ______ ) bronchus. On entering hilum, it divides into _____ lobar bronchi.
  • Left On entering hilum, it divides into ____ and _____ lobar bronchi.
A

divides; before

superior; secondary

middle & inferior

On entering the hilum; superior & inferior

17
Q

Bronchial Divisions

Within the lung each bronchus divides into number of branches that can be divided into two groups:

I-Conduction zone branches

Primary (\_\_\_\_) bronchi
Secondary (\_\_\_) bronchi
Tertiary (\_\_\_\_\_) bronchi 
\_\_\_\_\_ bronchi
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_ bronchioles
A

main

lobar

segmental

Smaller

Bronchioles

Terminal

18
Q

——- bronchi supply the bronchopulmonary segment

A

Tertiary

19
Q 
Respiratory zone branches
•\_\_\_\_\_ bronchioles
•\_\_\_\_\_\_
•\_\_\_\_\_\_
•\_\_\_\_
A

Respiratory

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

Alveoli

20
Q

Characteristics of Bronchopulmonary segments

  • It is _____ in shaped, its apex lies toward the ____, while its base lies on the ______
  • It is surrounded by ________
  • It has a _____ bronchus, a ____ artery, lymph vessels, and autonomic nerves.
A

pyramidal; root; lung surface.

connective tissue septa.

segmental; segmental

21
Q

_______ are the anatomic, functional, and surgical units of the lungs.

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

22
Q

Characteristics of Bronchopulmonary segments

The segmental vein lies in the _______ between the ______.

A

inter- segmental C.T. septa

segments

23
Q

A diseased Bronchopulmonary segment can be removed surgically

T/F

With reason

A

T

because it is a structural unit.

24
Q

Changes In Airway

As you go further down into the bronchial tree of each lung, changes in the airway occur:
● ____eased number of airways (__ primary; ____secondary;__ tertiary bronchi;____ terminal bronchioles; ____ alveolar ducts)

● ____eased diameter of each airway

A

Incr; 1; 2 or 3 ; 10; 6000; millions of

Decr

25
Q

As you go further down into the bronchial tree of each lung, changes in the airway occur:

____eased amount of cartilage in the airways

● ___eased amount of smooth muscle (relative to diameter)

● lining epithelium changes from _____  _______ epithelium (in alveoli)

A

Decr

Incr

PSCC

simple squamous

26
Q

no cartilage at all by _____ bronchioles

A

terminal

27
Q

Alveoli are (narrower or expanded?) chambers of epithelial tissue that are the ____ surfaces of the lungs

● There are about ______ alveoli in each lung

● Multiple alveoli usually share a common ________, creating “_____”

A

Expanded

exchange

150 million

alveolar duct

alveolar sacs

28
Q

There are three types of cells found within alveoli:

  1. ______ (aka “type I”) cells – primary cells making up the ___ of the alveoli
  2. ___ (aka “type II”) cells – sectrete “____” to (reduce or increase?) surface tension which prevents alveoli from _____ & allows for easier gas exchange
  3. Alveolar ____ (aka “___ cells”) – ____ cells that remove ____, ____ and ____
A

Alveolar Squamous epithelial ; wall

Septa ; surfactant; reduce; sticking together

macrophages ; dust

phagocytic;dust; debris & pathogens

29
Q

Gas “exchange” occurs across the _____________ membrane

A

Respiratory membrane

30
Q

Respiratory membrane

Is the fused membranes of the ______ & the __________________

A

alveolar epithelium

pulmonary capillary endothelium

31
Q

Characteristic features of bronchopulnonary segment

It is ____ in shape with apex directed towards the ____ and base towards the ___ of the lung.

It is surrounded by the connective tissue.

It is aerated by the segmental (______) bronchus

A

pyramidal

hilum; surface

tertiary

32
Q

List the bronchopulmonary segments of the right lung

A

Apical
Anterior
Posterior

Medial
Lateral

Medial Basal
Lateral basal
Anterior basal 
Posterior basal
Apical
33
Q

List the bronchopulmonary segments of the left lung

A

Apical
Posterior
Anterior

Superior lingula
Inferior lingula

Medial basal
Lateral basal
Anterior basal 
Posterior basal
Apical
34
Q

Commonest cancer of the lung

A

Bronchiogenic carcinoma

35
Q

Which lung is most affected by Bronchiogenic carcinoma

A

Right lung

36
Q

Commonest site of pulmonary tuberculosis on a lung

A

Apical regions of the lung

37
Q

Most common site of lung abscess is _______ lobe

A

Right lower lobe

38
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment most commonly involved in aspiration pneumonia is ______ segment of _____ lobe of ____ lung

A

Superior

Lower

Right

39
Q

Inhaled particles mostly enter into _______ ——— bronchus

A

Right principal

ANA 201 (34 decks)

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