The Genesis of Germs Chapters 6-7 Flashcards
___ are the largest antibodies.
IgM
Since viruses require living host cells in order to multiply, they are considered to be _______.
parasitic
One of the earliest researchers to explore the use of chemicals from tears to kill microbial pathogens was:
Fleming
The “T” in T-lymphocytes stands for ___.
“triangular”
The lymph nodes act as _____ to infection by filtering out and destroying toxins and germs.
barriers
Once the HIV virus infects CD4+ T-cells (often called T-4 lymphocytes) in large numbers, it leads to a destruction of ___.
the immune system
Is the immune response directed against all the body cells?
no
The lymphatic system provides proof of Intelligent Design because of ___________:
its marvelously interwoven nature
Viruses with the icosahedral shape have ___ equilateral triangular faces that provide a stable protein structure consistent with long-term survival
20
In the organization of your defense system, phagocytes are best thought of as:
a second line of defense
When the immune response is inappropriately directed against the cells of the body, it is known as:
autoimmunity
Bacterial viruses were first named ____ by ___.
bacteriophages, D’Herelle
How would you best describe the shape of a helical virus?
It resembles long rods that may be rigid or flexible
Can viruses can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
neither
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells.
CD 4 (cytotoxic T)
The branch of biology involving how the body is designed to protect itself from pathogens is:
immunology
Are viruses adequately described as poisonous fluids?
no
IgG antibodies help promote ___.
phagocytosis
Describe the structure of a virus.
helical, complex, icosahedral or polyhedral, enveloped
Do photomicrographs of the virions of tobacco mosaic virus and an animal virus show that the architecture of virions is vastly different between the two?
no
Are dental cavities the most common viral infection in humans?
no
What is the best example of variation that we have?
colds and flu
Has modern science discovered the natural reservoir (source) of the Ebola virus.
no
The body defense systems with their umbrella or bubble-like protection is best illustrated in the life of:
David Vetter
The size of the smallest viruses can be said to be _________.
not much larger than the diameter of a double-stranded DNA helix
The structure within phagocytic cells that contains digestive enzymes is the:
lysosome
What are referred to as the “thorns and thistles” of the unseen microbial world.
Antigens
A structural property of HIV is ____________.
it contains reverse transcriptase
AIDS is ___________ a severe HIV infection.
a continuum of
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin found in the fluids of the body?
IgG
Viruses change quickly because of their RNA genome instead of ___.
DNA genome
What are some characteristics of a virus?
relies on a host-cell metabolism, has a nucleic acid core surrounded by protein, contains only one or a few enzymes, relies on the host’s reproductive capabilities to spread
