The Experiences of Germans under the Nazis pt 2 Flashcards
How did Nazi propoganda affect Newspapers?
Nazis controlled most newspapers, censorships
How did Nazi propoganda affect films?
Made people watch propoganda befoer film began. Weren’t allowed to enter the cinema after the propoganda adverts began
How did Nazi propoganda affect radio?
By 1939, 70% had radio } Hitler’s speeches broadcasted on it
How did Nazi propoganda affect festivals and celebrations?
Nuremberg Rallies } week long rallies with thousands involved
How did Nazi propoganda affect culture: music, theatre, and literature?
- Music: jazz and blues banned
- communist and anti-nazi books abnned
- theatre concentrated on German history and political drama + had cheap tickets
How did Nazi propoganda affect architecture and art?
Bauhaus banned. Art and architecture had to have classical style
Who was in charge of Propoganda?
Josef Goebbels
Who were the Youth opposition groups?
Swing Youth and the Edelweiss Pirates
What did the Edelweiss Pirates do?
- mainly middle class boys who sang banned songs
- beat up hitler youth
What did the swing youth do?
Wore American clothes + listened to Jazz
How effective was youth opposition?
Nazis not threatened: activity limited to grafitti, anti-Nazi jokes, attacking Hitler Youth and listening to banned music
Why was opposition to the Nazis limited?
- many Germans pleased with Nazi changes
- German workers feared losing their jobs if they expressed opposition
- Propoganda and censorship ensured many Germans found out very little about bad things that were happening
What were Nazi racial beliefs?
Aryans were the superior race, ideally tall, blond, blue-eyed and white
Give 3 examples of Nazi race policies
- Homosexuals sent to concentration camps or prison or subjected to medical experimentation
- Those with mental or physical disabilities sterilised according to new law: Prevention of Hereditarily diseased Offspring (1933)
- After 1933, Many gypsies arrested and sent to concentration campd
Why was the Jewish Population persecuted under the Nazis?
- Hitler associated Jewish population with communism
- longstanding mistrust of Jews: blamed for Black Death, Germany’s defeat in WW1 and the Treaty of Versailles
- many jealous of Jewish success
- Nazi propoganda
Name 3 examples of Jewish persecution
- 1933: SA organised boycott of Jewish shops and painted yellow stars on doors of these shops
- 1937: Jewish passports stamped with the J
- 1939: Jewish people banned from having businesses
What were the Nuremberg laws?
- Law for Protection of German Blood and Honour
- Reich Citizenship Law
Explain both of the Nuremberg laws
- Reich law on citizenship: Jewish People’s German citizenship removed. Also needed to have a yellow star sewn onto thier clothes for easy identification
- Law for Protection of German Blood and Honour: Jewish people banned from ‘marrying’ German citizens
When did Kristalnacht occur and what happened?
9-10th November 1938: 400 synagogues and 7500 shops destroyed, 91 Jews killed and 30,000 sent to concentration camps
What was the impact of war on the homefront?
- rationing introduced to help everyone get what they all needed for food an clothes
- role of women changed from housewives to workers
- hot water allowed twice a week
What was ‘total war’?
Every part of German society would be geared to the war effort making bombs, growing food, caring for the ill of fighting
What were the effects of allied bombing?
- many left cities or were evacuated
- at the end of the war, almost as many German civillians had died as soldiers involved in fighting
What was the Final Solution?
Mass murder of all Jews in German territory by bringing them to extermination camps. Other groups also persecuted here
When was the Final Solution finalised?
Wannsee Conference in 1942
What were the causes of the July Bomb Plot?
- Von Stauffenberg wounded fighting in 1942: lost left eye and right arm
- he hated brutality of SS and suffering of the German army in the USSR
Who was involved in the plot?
Dr Goerdeter and Count Von Stauffenberg
What was the plan of the July Bomb Plot?
VS took bombs in a briefcase to a military conference in Rastenberg. Left room to make an urgent call to Berlin + left briefcase under the table. However, the briefcase was kicked to the other side of the table
What were the effects of the July Bomb Plot?
- 4 killed, Hitler escaped
- Hitler became increasingly paranoid
- Leading plotters arrested and executed, another 5000 killed
When did the july bomb plot occur?
20th July 1944
