Migration: Scramble for Africa + African expansion Flashcards
Why did European countries have a sudden interest in Africa?
- rich in natural resources such as gold, diamonds, ivory and cash crops
- treatments for deadly disease allowed for expansion
- potential of selling goods to locals
- Christian missionaries
- empire building
Where was the conference and what was it used to decide?
Berlin, used to decide which country gets what land
How much % of land in Africa did B have?
32%
Describe the African resistance
Fought valliantly but were defeated by Europeans due to advances in technology
Describe Cecil Rhodes
- imperialist + believed that Britain should extend its power + influence over other parts of the world by any means possible
- believed in Social Darwinism
- made a fortune through gold mining
- 1881: elected Cape Colony parliament and PM in 1890
- Formed DeBeers
- caused the Boer wars cus he was refused mining permission in the Traansval
Why did the British get involved in the Suez Canal?
B and F paid Egypt for control of their trade, railways, post offices and ports near the Canal so they could gain easy access to India
How did Britain’s involvement in the Suez Canal lead to the colonisation of Sudan?
- Egyptians rebelled against B + F interruption
- B responded by bombing Alexandria
- 1882: F refuses to get involved, B sends soldiers to take control of Egypt. They do
- 1884: religious leader leads an uprising and kills General Gordon
- 1886-88: Lord Kitchener leads military campaign against r.l
- 1899: Sudan under Britain
What was the name of the Sudanese religious leader?
Madhi
When did the second Boer War Break out?
1899
Describe how the second Boer war was fought
- Boers surprise the British through a series of small wins
- Jan 1900: Br respond by sending latest technology + 1/2 mill. troops
- Boers refused to surrender + carried out small raids on Br camps
- Br implement a policy
- 1902: Boers surrender
What was the policy implemented by the B during the second Boer war and why?
Scorched Earth because the Boers refused to surrender
When did the 2nd Boer War end?
1902
When was South Africa formed?
1910
What were the consequences of the Boer war?
- ‘empire war’ support short lived
- 45,000 Br fought
- 1/3 + army volunteers were unfit to fight, so free meals were introduced + medical checks in sch
- pensions, sick pay, unemployment benefit introduced
- study of nutrition, food and child development was encouraged
How many died in the Boer war during battle?
6000
