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History GCSE AQA > Conflict and Tension: Peacemaking > Flashcards

Conflict and Tension: Peacemaking Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the American leader during the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Woodrow Wilson

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2
Q

Who was the French leader during the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Clemenceau

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3
Q

Who was the British leader during the Paris Peace Conference?

A

David Lloyd George

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4
Q

What were Wilson’s aims?

A
  • to end the war
  • create the league of nations
  • ensure that Germany wasn’t destroyed
  • not to blame Germany entirely for the war -too harsh
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5
Q

Why were Wilson’s aims so nice?

A

America was barely involved in the war

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6
Q

What were Clemenceau’s aims?

A
  • cripple Germany so they don’t start another war
  • so they were too weak to attack France
  • wanted money to rebuild france
  • drastically reduce German army
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7
Q

Why were the French aims so harsh?

A

France suffered the most during the war

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8
Q

What were LG’s aims?

A
  • safeguard Britain’s naval supremacy
  • please electors who wanted to ‘make Germany pay’
  • leave Germany strong enough to trade
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9
Q

Why were LG’s aims the middle ground?

A

Suffered in the war but not as badly as France. Also wanted to trade with them and didn’t want to anger them to the point of revenge

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10
Q

What were the disagreements between Clemenceau and Wilson?

A

USA didn’t suffer as much as France in the war, C resented W’s generous attitude towards Germany

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11
Q

What were the disagreements between C and LG?

A

C felt as if Britain was ok to treat Germany nicely on land where they weren’t a threat but not on sea, where they were

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12
Q

What were the disagreements between LG and W?

A

LG disagreed with 2 points of the 14 points:
- access to the seas
- people ruling themselves
this was somewhat threatening to the British government

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13
Q

What treaties were drawn up after WW1?

A
  • treaty of versailles
  • treaty of saint germain
  • treaty of trianon
  • treaty of neuilly
  • treaty of sevres
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14
Q

What country did the treaty of Saint Germain deal with?

A

Austria

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15
Q

What country did the treaty of trianon deal with?

A

Hungary

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16
Q

What country did the treaty of versailles deal with?

A

Germany

17
Q

What country did the treaty of neuilly deal with?

A

Bulgaria

18
Q

What country did the treaty of sevres deal with?

A

Turkey

19
Q

What were the terms of the treaty of Saint Germain? Include:
- disarmament
- reparations
- land lost

A
  • Disarmament - army limited to a force of 30,000 volunteers, no navy or air force
  • Reparations - Austria did not pay much in reparations as her economy was so weak
  • Land lost - Austro-Hungarian Empire dismantled
    Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania all gained land
    Austria’s population fell from 22 million to around 6 million
20
Q

What were the terms of the treaty of trianon? Include:
- disarmament
- reparations
- land lost

A
  • Disarmament - army limited to a force of 35,000 volunteers and three patrol boats
  • Reparations - apart from some shipments of coal, Hungary could not meet the demands for reparations. As a result the payments were suspended
  • Land lost - Austro-Hungarian Empire dismantled.
    Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania all gained land from Hungary.
    The population of Hungary fell from 21 million to around 7.5 million
21
Q

What were the terms of the treaty of neiully? Include:
- disarmament
- land lost
- reparations

A
  • Disarmament - army limited to a force of 20,000 volunteers, four torpedo boats, no air force
  • Reparations - set at £100 million
  • Land lost - land lost to Yugoslavia, Romania and Greece
22
Q

What were the terms of the treaty of sevres? Include:
- disarmament
- land lost
- reparations

A
  • Disarmament - 50,000 soldiers, seven sailboats and six torpedo boats. No air force
  • Reparations - the economy was to be controlled by the Allies
  • Land lost - the Ottoman Empire was broken up.
    areas such as Iraq and Palestine became British mandates
    Syria became a French mandate
    the Straits of the Dardanelles would be placed under international control
    Armenia became an independent country
23
Q

What were the terms of the ToV?

A

Overall, Germany lost:
- 10% of all of its land, and all overseas colonies
- 12.5% of its population
- 16% of its coalfields + 50% of it iron and steel industry
- army limited to 100,000 men
- had to accept all war guilt
- pay £6.6 billion in reparations

24
Q

What were the strengths of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • bought peace to Europe
  • Restored countries boundaries + gave them a more individual identity
  • France regained Alsace-Lorraine
  • War had caused huge amounts of damage - reparations were required to build
25
Q

What were the weaknesses of the ToV?

A
  • C and LG feared treaties would lead to another war
  • treaty left Germans helpless; so they hated it
  • None of the Big 3 got their way: disagreements
  • Germans saw it as a diktat, they had no say in it - forced
  • New States (eg Latvia) weren’t stable enough to run themselves- no military, political or economic power
26
Q

What can the terms of the ToV be classified into?

A
  • territorial
  • military
  • financial and economic
  • punishment and war guilt

History GCSE AQA (30 decks)

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