Conflict and Tension: Peacemaking Flashcards
Who was the American leader during the Paris Peace Conference?
Woodrow Wilson
Who was the French leader during the Paris Peace Conference?
Clemenceau
Who was the British leader during the Paris Peace Conference?
David Lloyd George
What were Wilson’s aims?
- to end the war
- create the league of nations
- ensure that Germany wasn’t destroyed
- not to blame Germany entirely for the war -too harsh
Why were Wilson’s aims so nice?
America was barely involved in the war
What were Clemenceau’s aims?
- cripple Germany so they don’t start another war
- so they were too weak to attack France
- wanted money to rebuild france
- drastically reduce German army
Why were the French aims so harsh?
France suffered the most during the war
What were LG’s aims?
- safeguard Britain’s naval supremacy
- please electors who wanted to ‘make Germany pay’
- leave Germany strong enough to trade
Why were LG’s aims the middle ground?
Suffered in the war but not as badly as France. Also wanted to trade with them and didn’t want to anger them to the point of revenge
What were the disagreements between Clemenceau and Wilson?
USA didn’t suffer as much as France in the war, C resented W’s generous attitude towards Germany
What were the disagreements between C and LG?
C felt as if Britain was ok to treat Germany nicely on land where they weren’t a threat but not on sea, where they were
What were the disagreements between LG and W?
LG disagreed with 2 points of the 14 points:
- access to the seas
- people ruling themselves
this was somewhat threatening to the British government
What treaties were drawn up after WW1?
- treaty of versailles
- treaty of saint germain
- treaty of trianon
- treaty of neuilly
- treaty of sevres
What country did the treaty of Saint Germain deal with?
Austria
What country did the treaty of trianon deal with?
Hungary
What country did the treaty of versailles deal with?
Germany
What country did the treaty of neuilly deal with?
Bulgaria
What country did the treaty of sevres deal with?
Turkey
What were the terms of the treaty of Saint Germain? Include:
- disarmament
- reparations
- land lost
- Disarmament - army limited to a force of 30,000 volunteers, no navy or air force
- Reparations - Austria did not pay much in reparations as her economy was so weak
- Land lost - Austro-Hungarian Empire dismantled
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania all gained land
Austria’s population fell from 22 million to around 6 million
What were the terms of the treaty of trianon? Include:
- disarmament
- reparations
- land lost
- Disarmament - army limited to a force of 35,000 volunteers and three patrol boats
- Reparations - apart from some shipments of coal, Hungary could not meet the demands for reparations. As a result the payments were suspended
- Land lost - Austro-Hungarian Empire dismantled.
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania all gained land from Hungary.
The population of Hungary fell from 21 million to around 7.5 million
What were the terms of the treaty of neiully? Include:
- disarmament
- land lost
- reparations
- Disarmament - army limited to a force of 20,000 volunteers, four torpedo boats, no air force
- Reparations - set at £100 million
- Land lost - land lost to Yugoslavia, Romania and Greece
What were the terms of the treaty of sevres? Include:
- disarmament
- land lost
- reparations
- Disarmament - 50,000 soldiers, seven sailboats and six torpedo boats. No air force
- Reparations - the economy was to be controlled by the Allies
- Land lost - the Ottoman Empire was broken up.
areas such as Iraq and Palestine became British mandates
Syria became a French mandate
the Straits of the Dardanelles would be placed under international control
Armenia became an independent country
What were the terms of the ToV?
Overall, Germany lost:
- 10% of all of its land, and all overseas colonies
- 12.5% of its population
- 16% of its coalfields + 50% of it iron and steel industry
- army limited to 100,000 men
- had to accept all war guilt
- pay £6.6 billion in reparations
What were the strengths of the Treaty of Versailles?
- bought peace to Europe
- Restored countries boundaries + gave them a more individual identity
- France regained Alsace-Lorraine
- War had caused huge amounts of damage - reparations were required to build
What were the weaknesses of the ToV?
- C and LG feared treaties would lead to another war
- treaty left Germans helpless; so they hated it
- None of the Big 3 got their way: disagreements
- Germans saw it as a diktat, they had no say in it - forced
- New States (eg Latvia) weren’t stable enough to run themselves- no military, political or economic power
What can the terms of the ToV be classified into?
- territorial
- military
- financial and economic
- punishment and war guilt
