Conflict and Tension: Knowledge Gaps Flashcards
What were the strengths of the Treaty of Versailles?
bought peace to Europe
Restored countries boundaries + gave them a more individual identity
France regained Alsace-Lorraine
War had caused huge amounts of damage - reparations were required to build
What were the weaknesses of the ToV?
- C and LG feared treaties would lead to another war
- treaty left Germans helpless; so they hated it
- None of the Big 3 got their way: disagreements
- Germans saw it as a diktat, they had no say in it - forced
- New States (eg Latvia) weren’t stable enough to run themselves- no military, political or economic power
What were the terms of the treaty of sevres? Include:
- disarmament
- land lost
- reparations
- Disarmament - 50,000 soldiers, seven sailboats and six torpedo boats. No air force
- Reparations - the economy was to be controlled by the Allies
- Land lost - the Ottoman Empire was broken up.
areas such as Iraq and Palestine became British mandates
Syria became a French mandate
the Straits of the Dardanelles would be placed under international control
Armenia became an independent country
What were the terms of the treaty of neiully? Include:
- disarmament
- land lost
- reparations
- Disarmament - army limited to a force of 20,000 volunteers, four torpedo boats, no air force
- Reparations - set at £100 million
- Land lost - land lost to Yugoslavia, Romania and Greece
What were the terms of the treaty of trianon? Include:
- disarmament
- reparations
- land lost
- Disarmament - army limited to a force of 35,000 volunteers and three patrol boats
- Reparations - apart from some shipments of coal, Hungary could not meet the demands for reparations. As a result the payments were suspended
- Land lost - Austro-Hungarian Empire dismantled.
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania all gained land from Hungary. - The population of Hungary fell from 21 million to around 7.5 million
What were the terms of the treaty of Saint Germain? Include:
- disarmament
- reparations
- land lost
- Disarmament - army limited to a force of 30,000 volunteers, no navy or air force
- Reparations - Austria did not pay much in reparations as her economy was so weak
- Land lost - Austro-Hungarian Empire dismantled
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania all gained land - Austria’s population fell from 22 million to around 6 million
What were the successes of the LoN?
- 1920: League took home half a million prisoners of war from WW1
- 1921: Sweden and Finland accepted the League’s arbitration to give the Aaland Islands to Finland
- the League sent doctors to the Turkish refugee camp
- sent financial advisors to Austria and Hungary to rebuild their economies when they went bankrupt in 1921
- 1920s: set free 200,000 slaves from Sierra Leonne
- 1925: Greece obeyed the League’s orders to pull out of Bulgaria in 1925
What were the failures of the League?
- 1921: Poland refused to withdraw from the capital of Lithuania - Vilna, which is what the League instructed them to do. The League could not do anything to combat the refusal
- 1923: Mussolini ignored League’s orders to pull out of Corfu, and made Greece pay Italy (the clear aggresors) money
- 1932: Japan conquered Manchuria. The League objected but were still powerless. Japan left the LoN
- 1932: Hitler announced that Germany was leaving the LoN
- 1935: Italy invaded Abysinnia, League officially condemned Italians, but France and Britain were caught making a secret agreement with Italy
When did the Manchuria crisis occur?
1931
When did Abyssinia defeat Italy previously?
1896
What was the stresa pact?
A pact made between France, Britain and Italy, agreeing to see Germany as the common enemy
What were the locarno treaties?
- Germany, France and Belgium agreed to respect their post-Versailles borders
- Germany agreed with Poland and Czechoslovakia to settle any border disputes peacefully
- Germany had previously complained bitterly about their loss of territory.
What was the Kellog-Briand pact?
Germany was one of 62 countries that signed up to this agreement, which committed its signatories to settling disputes between them peacefully.
When was the Locarno treaties signed?
1925
When was the Kellog-Briand pact signed?
1928
