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History GCSE AQA > The Experiences of Germans under the Nazis pt 1 > Flashcards

The Experiences of Germans under the Nazis pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the aims of the Nazi Regime?

A
  1. Strengthen Germany: end ToV, make Germany self sufficient
  2. Remove racial minorities (e.g.: Jews) from positions of power, isolating them from pure Aryans - increase role of women as mums and guardians of the state
  3. The Volk/ People’s community: all other loyalties would be removed from people’s lives. Churches, schools, workplaces, would all have to come under Nazi control to ensure loyalty. Freedom of speech banished
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2
Q

How did the Nazis take control of Germany?

A
  1. dictatorship
  2. one-party state
  3. economic success: incentives given in exchange for loyalty
  4. police state: SS + police have absolute power to arrest, punish and ‘execute’ enemies
  5. Propoganda state - control what was heard and seen
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3
Q

How did Nazis reduce unemployment?

A
  • reich labour service
  • invisible unemployment
  • employment schemes
  • rearmament
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4
Q

What was the Reich Labour Service?

A

All men ages between 18-25 were enlisted for 6 months planting forests, mending hedges and digging drainage ditches on farms

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5
Q

Describe some of the Job Creation schemes

A
  • Beauty of Labour: persuaded employers to improve working conditions
  • Strength through Joy: incentives, eg: holidays to get workers to work harder for lower pay
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6
Q

What was invisible unemployment?

A

Groups of people were not counted in unemployment figures

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7
Q

Who came under invisible unemployment?

A

Jews and married women. Part time workers counted as full time

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8
Q

Who were the three other forces set up alongside the police?

A
  • SS
  • SD
  • Gestapo
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9
Q

Who controlled the SS and the SD?

A

Himmler

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10
Q

Who controlled the Gestapo?

A

Goering

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11
Q

What did the SS do?

A

Controlled poice and ran concentration camps

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12
Q

What did the SD do?

A

Spied on Nazi opponents

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13
Q

What did the Gestapo do?

A

Tapped phones, spied on everyone, network of informers throughout Germany

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14
Q

How did the Nazis control the police and law courts?

A

Judges swore an oath of loyalty to Hitler + police controlled by SS

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15
Q

Who was Schact?

A

1933: Minister of Economics

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16
Q

Why did Nazis begin using concentration camps?

A

Set up to house ‘enemies of state’: as a re-education centre, where they did forced hard labour

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17
Q

What was Schact’s plan to keep up with Hitler’s demands of making Germany self sufficient?

A

Signed deals with other countries e.g.: South America and South-east Europe, to supply raw materials in exchage for German made goods

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18
Q

Why was Schact sacked?

A

Germany still dependant on others + changes occuring too slowly

19
Q

Who was Schact replaced by?

A

Goering

20
Q

What was the four year plan?

A

Prioritised increase in military production

21
Q

What changes were made to farmers?

A
  • taxes cut
  • introduced laws to prevent farmers from dividing their land and giving a part to their children
22
Q

Why did the changes that the Nazis make cause resentment amongst farmers?

A

Farmers not being able to divide land meant that children without an inheritance left to find better jobs in the city

23
Q

What was the evidence that Germans were better off under Nazi regime?

A
  • schemes such as Strength through Joy and Beauty of Labour
  • Volkswagen scheme: workers could pay 5 marks a week to get a car
  • wages rose by 20%
24
Q

What was the evidence that Germans were worse off under Nazi regime?

A
  • cost of living rose: food £ rose by 20%
  • wages increased less than the cost of food
25
Q

What was the Youth organisation made for Boys?

A

Hitler Youth

26
Q

What was the Youth organisation made for girls?

A

League of German Maidens

27
Q

How many teachers joined the Nazi teacher’s association?

A

97% by 1937

28
Q

What were the boys taught in Hitler Youth?

A
  • designed to turn boys into strong, healthy soldiers
  • activities included:
  • shooting
  • military drill
  • military style campaign
29
Q

What were girls taught in the League of German Maidens?

A
  • aimed to turn girls into good housewives
  • taught cookery, housework
  • how to look after children
30
Q

How much time was dedicated to PE?

A

15%

31
Q

What was the impact of the Nazi regime on universities?

A
  • 15% of teachers sacked
  • courses altered to exclude Jewish ideologies + discoveries, eg: Einstein’s theory of relativity removed from Physics because Einstein was Jewish
32
Q

What were the 3Ks that were aimed towards women?

A

Kinder, Kuche, Kirche (children, kitchen, church)

33
Q

What were discouraged under the guise of ‘unladylike’?

A

Smoking, wearing trousers and high heels

34
Q

What was set up to encourage couples to have children?

A

Loans given out to married couples. On the birth of the first child, 1/4 of the money could be kept
2nd child = half etc

35
Q

Why were medals awarded to mothers?

A

For having lots of children
Bronze = 4/5 kids
Silver: 6/7 kids
Gold: 8+ children

36
Q

Why did the Nazi policies surrounding women have to be reversed and when?

A

1937onwards: Nazi rearmament encouraged women back in the work force. Working women increased from 11.6 million in 1933 to 14.6 million in 1939

37
Q

What did the Concordat that Hitler signed with the Catholic Church agree on?

A

Catholics were free to worship as long as they stayed out of politics

38
Q

Why and how did Hitler break the Concordat with the Church?

A

Felt that German Catholics listened to the Pope more than him + sent troublesome Priests to concentration camps. Closed Catholic schools and banned Catholic Youth Groups

39
Q

What was the opposition from the Catholic Church to the Nazis?

A

Pope Pius XI wrote a letter to Catholic German Priests attacking Nazi Policies. Nazis retaliated by banning Catholics from joining Nazis + removing crucifixes from schools. Forced to stop due to pressure from the Church

40
Q

Who formed the Pastor’s Emergency League?

A

Martin Niemoller

41
Q

What were the two churches formed under the Nazi regime?

A

Reich Church and Confessional Church

42
Q

How did Nazis crack down on the Pastor’s Emergency League?

A

Persecution and arrests - arrested Niemoller in 1937 imprisoned until 1946

43
Q

What was the difference between the Reich Church and confessional Church?

A
  • Reich Church: Pro Nazi, led by Ludwig Muller: ‘German Christians’
  • Confessional Church: against Nazis, led by Niemoller

History GCSE AQA (30 decks)

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