Historic Environment Flashcards
Briefly describe the journey that Drake took whilst circumnavigating the world
- set sail nov. 1577 - financed by hawkins, privy council and liz
- fleet scattered crossing the atlantic - crew relations strained - july 1578 Drake executes co-commander thomas doughty for treason
- discovery of Drake passage between cape horn and america
- captures spanish ship Nuestra de la concepcion - £480 million treasure gained
- met miwok people and claimed land in modern california - Drake named it New Albion
- via the pacific-route home, trades with Maluku people - opens up trade in competition with the portugeuse
- 26 september 1580 - sails into plymouth with 59 remaining crew and treasure and spices
What were Drake’s motivations for the circumnavigation?
- conquest of new land and trade
- encouraged by Liz
- money
- finding the Strait of Anian
- influence of his cousin, Hawkins
- revenge on the Spanish
What was the Strait of Anian?
Northwest sea passage that linked Pacific and Atlantic oceans (doesn’t actually exist)
What was the impact of Drake’s circumnavigation?
- wealth
- social standing
- spanish relations with England
- English imperialism and conquest ignited
- geographical understanding improved
Explain how the circumnavigation impacted wealth and treasure
- gained treasure worth around £480 million in today’s money
- £10,000 for himself + £40,000 for crew and investors
- encouraged more investments into such projects because of the returns
Explain how the circumnavigation impacted Drake’s social standing
- knighted on the Golden Hind
- rose from merchant to nobility
- had private audience with the Queen for 6 hours after disembarking @ Plymouth
- went against the Great Chain of Being
Explain how the circumnavigation impacted Spanish relations with England
- literally one of the trigger causes of the Armada
- stealing rutters from the Sp threatened their power dominance over colonies in the Americas
- nicknamed ‘El Draque’ by the Spanish
Explain how the circumnavigation impacted English imperialism and conquest
- led to more expiditions being started to discover more coloies and trade in Americas
- Began British Empire
- turned their focus towards North America due to Spanish dominance over South America
Explain how the circumnavigation impacted geographical understanding
- improved it
- majority could now agree that the Earth is a sphere, and it isn’t flat
- Drake passage made it easier for English to get to the Americas
- Drake corrected many errors in existing European maps, including a more accurate plan of the Chilean coast
What were the challenges of the voyage?
- lost much of the crew
- Spanish constantly on their tail
- Scurvy and lack of fresh food - malnutritioned
- mutiny from the crew
- weather conditions such as hurricanes
Why did Drake want to get revenge?
In 1568 at San Juan de Ulua, the Spanish had attacked Drake’s fleet - only Drake and Hawkin’s ship escaped
What was the name of the spanish treasure ship drake stole?
Senora Nuestra de la Concepion
What was the name of the people Drake met in California on his voyage?
The Miwok people
What was the name of the land Drake claimed in California?
New Albion
What was the name of the people who they competited for trade with against the Portugeuse?
The Maluku people
