Migration: Knowledge Gaps Flashcards
How did Britain change under Cnut’s rule?
- C viewes Britain as his main domain
- trustworthy nobles (English) left to rule their own areas
- peaceful
- tough with Anglosaxons he thought might rebel against him
- transferred riches back to Denmark
What is the significance of Emma of Normandy?
- bought peace to England
- married Aethelred and Cnut
- bought land w her marriage which expanded North Sea empire
- strong leader who respected and listened to her country when C was away
- improved relations with Church
How was Cnut significant?
- maintained relations with entire empire
- kept peace for England
- returned popular laws of Edgar the Peaceful
When did the Battle of Edington occur?
May 878
How did England change under Norman rule?
- new castles built, changed architectural scenery
- french became the language of power
- french customs introduced
- feudal system
- doomsday book maintained
- anglo saxons became second class citizens
What was the land that Henry II ruled over?
- normandy
- count of anjou
- count of maine
- aquitaine from marriage
- ireland from invasion
- england
What was the only land remaining during John’s reign?
Gascony
What was the significance of Henry II?
- created the first British Empire
- effective ruler, organised the Justice system
- managed to visit his entire empire: crossed english channel 30 times
- developed Dublin into a centre of commerce and trade
Who was John Hawkins and what did he do?
- respected English Naval commander, merchant, privateer and pirate
- responsible for building up the Elizabethan Royal Navy
- Britain’s first slave trader
When and how did John Hawkins begin the slave trade?
1562, set sail on his first slave trading voyage, capturing Africans to sell to the Americans
When did people move to Jamestown, Virginia?
1607
What was the impact of the British on the indigenous people living in America?
- spreading diseases that they don’t have immunity to
- attacking crops and villages
- destroyed their nomadic way of life
- intermarriages
- wiped out their population
What was the economic impact of the slave trade?
- slave trade industry made approx. £60 mill. from 1761 to 1808
- Britain became one of the richest and most powerful countries in the world
How much did Britain make in the slave trade?
£60 million
When was the slave trade abolished?
1807
How much did the government pay as compensation to the slave owners?
£20 million in total
What were the medium term causes of the tension between America and Britain?
- Americans were ruled directly from Britain yet they had no representatives in Parliament: unhappy with paying taxes without a say in their governance
- Colonists also made to pay taxes to fund wars with France that the colonists felt had too little to do with them
- Stamp act
What happened in the Boston tea party?
- in protest to the taxes on tea
- a group of Americans boarded ships in Boston and dumped 342 crates of tea into the harbour
- British closed the Boston port, banned all town meetings
How did Australia prove to be a dutiful and loyal colony?
- provided willing markets for British goods
- good location for Ambitious/ poor Britons to move to
How did Britain show it had power after the war?
Continued to colonise West Indes and South America
When was St Bartholomew’s Day massacre?
August 1572
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
French king Henri VI
Who destroyed the Edict of Nantes?
French King Louis XIV
What was the impact of the Ulster plantations on the Irish?
- aimed to ethincally clease
- racism against them
- treated like second class citizens
- diseases such as measles spread
Who was Robert Clive and what did he do?
- joined EIC army and proved himself to be ruthless and effective leader
- Won the Battle of Plassey whilst he was the Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bengal 1764-67
- greed and mismanagement led to the Bengal Famine in which 10 million dead
- criticised in Parliament for corruption in 1772
Who was Warren Hastings and what did he do?
- First Governor General of India
- strengthened British control in India, helping establish it as a part of the British Empire
- Reorganised its tax systems, tightened corruption laws, dealt with theiving gangs
- faced accusations of corruption, mismanagement and poor military judgement
When did the EIC’s monopoly on India end?
1694
What was the aftermath of the Indian rebellion?
- B gov. took over the rule of India from the EIC
- new gov. department set up and Viceroy ran it
- limited Indians given government jobs
- Unis established in Mumbai, Calcutta and Madras
How many km of railways did the British build?
30,000 km+
How many bridges did the British build?
130,000
Where were the three high courts in India?
Madras, Calcutta and Bombay
How did Britain’s involvement in the Suez Canal lead to the colonisation of Sudan?
- Egyptians rebelled against B + F interruption
- B responded by bombing Alexandria
- 1882: F refuses to get involved, B sends soldiers to take control of Egypt. They do
- 1884: religious leader leads an uprising and kills General Gordon
- 1886-88: Lord Kitchener leads military campaign against r.l
- 1899: Sudan under Britain
When did the Boer war start and end?
1899-1902
When was South Africa formed?
1910
How many died in battle during the Boer war?
6000
How many died of illness in the Boer war?
16,000
What were the consequences of the Boer war?
- ‘empire war’ support short lived
- 45,000 Br fought
- 1/3 + army volunteers were unfit to fight, so free meals were introduced + medical checks in sch
- pensions, sick pay, unemployment benefit introduced
- study of nutrition, food and child development was encouraged
How many people living in Britain have Irish parents or grandparents?
6 million
What were pogroms?
Religious attacks against Jews
From 1841-1910 how many people moved around the Empire per decade?
150,000
Why did the British empire end?
- independence/self rule was popular amongst Britain’s white colonies, implying that the British thought that those of European descent were superior than non Eu
- Africans and Indians gought for freedom but their countries were not yet free
- due to the British education system, political ideas such as democracy and freedom are spread
Who were the important groups and people involved in the Indian independence movement?
Muslim League and Indian National Congress
When did the Suez Crisis happen?
1956
When did the Independence movement for the African Gold Coast begin and by what group?
1920s, National Congress of British West Africa
What groups were involved in the Kenyan demand for independence?
Mau Mau and the Kenyan African Union
When did Kenya gain independence?
12th December 1963
What was the 1962 immigration act?
Capped the amount of Black and Asian people entering the country
Who was the Argentinian president who invaded the Falklands?
General Galtiere
What was the British response to the Falklands invasion?
Sent a task force of 600 ships and ~ 12,000 troops
