Germany: Knowledge gaps Flashcards
When did the Spartacist Revolution happen?
January 1919
When did the Kapp Putsch occur?
March 1920
Who were the leaders of the Spartacist Revolution?
Karl Liebknecht
What was the Dawes Plan?
Reparations reduced to 2.5 billion per year + USA gave Germany a loan of 800 million marks
What was the Young Plan?
Reparation figure reduced from £6.6 billion to £1.8 billion
When did the French invade Rhineland?
11 January 1923
When was the Munich Putsch held?
8-9 November 1923
When did Stressman call off the passive resistance?
September 1923
What were the aims of the Nazi Regime?
- Strengthen Germany: end ToV, make Germany self sufficient
- Remove racial minorities (e.g.: Jews) from positions of power, isolating them from pure Aryans - increase role of women as mums and guardians of the state
- The Volk/ People’s community: all other loyalties would be removed from people’s lives. Churches, schools, workplaces, would all have to come under Nazi control to ensure loyalty.
- Freedom of speech banished
How did the Nazis take control of Germany?
- dictatorship
- one-party state
- economic success: incentives given in exchange for loyalty
- police state: SS + police have absolute power to arrest, punish and ‘execute’ enemies
- Propoganda state - control what was heard and seen
How did Nazis reduce unemployment?
- reich labour service
- invisible unemployment
- employment schemes
- rearmament
What was the Reich Labour Service?
All men ages between 18-25 were enlisted for 6 months planting forests, mending hedges and digging drainage ditches on farms
Describe some of the Job Creation schemes
- Beauty of Labour: persuaded employers to improve working conditions
- Strength through Joy: incentives, eg: holidays to get workers to work harder for lower pay
What did the SS do?
Controlled police and ran concentration camps
What did the SD do?
spied on Nazi opponents
Who was Schact?
1933: Minister of Economics
Who was Schact replaced by?
Goering
Why did the Nazi policies surrounding women have to be reversed and when?
1937 onwards: Nazi rearmament encouraged women back in the work force. Working women increased from 11.6 million in 1933 to 14.6 million in 1939
Who formed the Pastor’s Emergency League?
Martin Niemoller
What were the two churches created during the Nazi reign?
Confessional Church and Reich Church
How did Nazis crack down on the Pastor’s Emergency League?
Persecution and arrests - arrested Niemoller in 1937 imprisoned until 1946
Who led the Reich church?
Ludwig Muller
What was the Reich citizenship law?
Jewish People’s German citizenship removed. Also needed to have a yellow star sewn onto thier clothes for easy identification
When did Kristalnacht occur?
9th - 10th november 1938
When did the July Bomb plot occur?
20th July 1944
How many seats did the Nazis have government in 1928?
12
How many seats did the Nazis have in government in 1933?
288
What were the reasons for Nazis success?
Long term bitterness of ToV
Ineffective constitution: dictatorial powers, proportional representation
Money: wealthy interested in Nazis
Propoganda: speeches, radio, newspapers
Policies: Nazis offered something for everyone
Attacking other parties: SA attacked Jews, communists + enemies
Personal qualities: Hitler was an excellent speaker, charismatic
Economic depression: people turn to extremism
Recruited by Hindenburg: thought he could control Hitler
When did the Reichstag fire happen?
30th Jume 1934
