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History GCSE AQA > Elizabeth: Knowledge gaps > Flashcards

Elizabeth: Knowledge gaps Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Elizabeth become Queen?

A

1558

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2
Q

Define Court

A

People close to the Queen, who could influence her on important decisions

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3
Q

Define Privy council

A

Debated issues, oversaw laws, money and parliament. Chosen by Liz

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4
Q

Define parliament

A

House of Lords and Commons:
- passed laws
- gave permission for extra taxes

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5
Q

Define lord lieutenant

A

In charge of training local military forces

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6
Q

Define Justices of Peace

A

Landowners who kept law and order in their local area

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7
Q

Define royal prerogative

A

Only the Queen had the right to discuss certain issues

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8
Q

Define the position of ‘secretary of state’ and name an example

A

The second in charge, advised the Queen on important matters, such as Sir William Cecil

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9
Q

Describe the Royal Court

A
  • run by Lord Chamberlain
  • Consisted of the Queen’s household} 500 nobles, advisors, offiicals and servants
  • Court = centre of political power
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10
Q

Describe who William Cecil was

A
  • secretary of state + E;izabeth’s most trusted adviser
  • key role in developing poor laws and religious policies
  • protestant - encouraged her to fight against Catholic Rivals + to take Ireland
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11
Q

How did Liz maintain control over Parliament?

A
  • imprisoned awkward MPs: Peter Wentworth
  • could dissolve Parliament any time she wanted
  • Royal Veto
  • attended Parliament when she needed a new law passed
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12
Q

Describe the consequences of the Essex Rebellion

A

Robert Devereux executed in 1601 @ tower of London

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13
Q

What was the Suffolk claim to the throne?

A

Descendents of Henry VIII’s youngest sister Mary, Duchess of Suffolk
→ granddaughter Lady Jane Grey already executed but Lady Catherine and Lady Mary remaining
→ Both Protestant

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14
Q

What was the Stuart claim to the throne?

A

Descendents of Henry VIII’s eldest sister } Margaret Queen of Scotland
→ Mary, Queen of Scots had a stronger claim, she was a devout Catholic

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15
Q

Why did the Gentry grow?

A
  • Tudor suspicion of ‘old nobility’: saw as a threat + excluded from government and not granted new titles
  • dissolution of English monasteries = more land to buy
  • increasing wealth = growth of trade, exploration and population
  • rising prices helped them to keep their money
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16
Q

When was the Statue of Apparels passed?

A

1574

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17
Q

What was the cult of Gloriana?

A

Visual and literary propoganda around Elizabeth

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18
Q

How did portraits help strenghten her rule?

A
  • courtiers sent painters to paint her to impress her - could be kept competitive and controllable
  • General public’s reaction could be unanimous - feeds into cult of personality
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19
Q

What did the law for all actors to be licensed cause to happen?

A

Actors organised themselves and London’s first theatre: The theatre, opened

20
Q

What were the causes of poverty?

A
  • increasing population, but not jobs or food
  • rising prices; value of coinage reduced
  • foreign wars caused taxes to increase
  • also impacted trade - no income trade due to wars
  • period saw many bad harvests and many turned to sheep farming - not enough food
  • closure of monasteries = no more charity
21
Q

What were the local measures introduced to combat poverty in Norfolk?

A
  • almhouses established to house the poor
  • work provided for the poor
22
Q

What were the local measures introduced to combat poverty in London?

A
  • St Bartholemew’s hospital for sick established
  • St Thomas established for the elderly
  • Christ’s Hospital for the orphans
  • Bethlehem’s for the insane
23
Q

What did the Elizabethan government do to aid poverty?

A
  • Carried out full recoinage
  • established fixed rates for fixed workers
  • enforced Acts protecting rural jobs
24
Q

What was the Poor Law?

A
  • Everyone had to pay towards setting up workhouses and payment relief for the ‘deserving poor’
  • Parish had to appoint 4 ‘Overseers of Poor’ who would ensure orphans had apprenticeships and that almhouses were running smoothly
25
Q

Name an example of a scam seen in Thomas Harmans Book of Beggars

A

‘anglers’ would steal clothes off washing lines @ night

26
Q

What is signficant about Francis Drake?

A

Circumnavigated the world in 1577

27
Q

What were the short term consequences of English exploration?

A
  • increased hostility between Spain and England
  • Brought great wealth
  • improved Liz public image
28
Q

What were the long term consequences of English exploration?

A
  • Britain became rich over time
  • political: establishment of colonies
  • military: developed a powerful navy
29
Q

What was Liz’s religious settlement?

A

Compromise:
- allowed priest to marry
- declared herself ‘govenor’ rather than Head of Church
- Church maintained an episcopal structure
- ornaments such as crosses and candles could be placed at communion tables

30
Q

When was the Act of Supremacy passed?

A

1559

31
Q

When was the Act of Uniformity passed?

A

1559

32
Q

Describe some of the 39 articles

A
  • Protestant Church created
  • Book of Common Prayer
  • Clergy allowed to marry
  • Priests had to wear traditional Catholic vestements
33
Q

Describe the Protestant reaction to the 39 Articles

A

Existence of bishops and vestements pissed of Puritans

34
Q

When was the Papal bull sent?

A

1570

35
Q

When were Puritan printing presses destroyed?

A

1572

36
Q

What was Liz’s response to the Papal Bull?

A

Treason Act: denying Liz supremacy and bringing the Papal Bull into the country was punishable by death + anyone who left the country for more than six months would have their land confiscated

37
Q

What was Liz’s response to the Jesuits?

A

Acts against Jesuits and Seminary Priests: banned being a Priest - all Priests ordered to leave within 40 days. 1585

38
Q

When was the Statue of Confinement enforced?

A

1593

39
Q

When did the Northern Rebellion occur?

A

1569

40
Q

When did the Ridolfi plot occur?

A

1571

41
Q

When did the Throckmorton plot happen?

A

1583

42
Q

When did the Babington plot occur?

A

1586

43
Q

Describe Phillip’s plan with the Spanish armada

A
  • prepared a fleet of 130 warships armed with 2500 guns
  • Plan: Armada sails up the English channel in order to meet Spanish army in the Netherlands then sail to England. March to London to attack
44
Q

Describe the Spanish Armada

A

7000 sailors, 34,000 soldiers, 180 priests.
Commander: Medina Sidonia (had no sailing experience)
Prepared for land attack, not sea attack

45
Q

Describe the Armada’s attack

A
  • 6th August: Armada anchored off Dutch coast as planned, but Duke of Parma wasn’t there- he sent troops inwards towards the canals
  • 7th August: Drake sent 8 fireships into Spanish fleet - SP cut their anchor ropes to flee to get away, which broke the crescent formation
  • 8th August: Battle of Gravelines began
  • English fired from loom - lots of damage, 5 Spanish ships sank, 1000 soldiers killed
  • Spanish ships tried to get back to Spain but English chased them up north

History GCSE AQA (30 decks)

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