Elizabeth: Knowledge gaps Flashcards
When did Elizabeth become Queen?
1558
Define Court
People close to the Queen, who could influence her on important decisions
Define Privy council
Debated issues, oversaw laws, money and parliament. Chosen by Liz
Define parliament
House of Lords and Commons:
- passed laws
- gave permission for extra taxes
Define lord lieutenant
In charge of training local military forces
Define Justices of Peace
Landowners who kept law and order in their local area
Define royal prerogative
Only the Queen had the right to discuss certain issues
Define the position of ‘secretary of state’ and name an example
The second in charge, advised the Queen on important matters, such as Sir William Cecil
Describe the Royal Court
- run by Lord Chamberlain
- Consisted of the Queen’s household} 500 nobles, advisors, offiicals and servants
- Court = centre of political power
Describe who William Cecil was
- secretary of state + E;izabeth’s most trusted adviser
- key role in developing poor laws and religious policies
- protestant - encouraged her to fight against Catholic Rivals + to take Ireland
How did Liz maintain control over Parliament?
- imprisoned awkward MPs: Peter Wentworth
- could dissolve Parliament any time she wanted
- Royal Veto
- attended Parliament when she needed a new law passed
Describe the consequences of the Essex Rebellion
Robert Devereux executed in 1601 @ tower of London
What was the Suffolk claim to the throne?
Descendents of Henry VIII’s youngest sister Mary, Duchess of Suffolk
→ granddaughter Lady Jane Grey already executed but Lady Catherine and Lady Mary remaining
→ Both Protestant
What was the Stuart claim to the throne?
Descendents of Henry VIII’s eldest sister } Margaret Queen of Scotland
→ Mary, Queen of Scots had a stronger claim, she was a devout Catholic
Why did the Gentry grow?
- Tudor suspicion of ‘old nobility’: saw as a threat + excluded from government and not granted new titles
- dissolution of English monasteries = more land to buy
- increasing wealth = growth of trade, exploration and population
- rising prices helped them to keep their money
When was the Statue of Apparels passed?
1574
What was the cult of Gloriana?
Visual and literary propoganda around Elizabeth
How did portraits help strenghten her rule?
- courtiers sent painters to paint her to impress her - could be kept competitive and controllable
- General public’s reaction could be unanimous - feeds into cult of personality
What did the law for all actors to be licensed cause to happen?
Actors organised themselves and London’s first theatre: The theatre, opened
What were the causes of poverty?
- increasing population, but not jobs or food
- rising prices; value of coinage reduced
- foreign wars caused taxes to increase
- also impacted trade - no income trade due to wars
- period saw many bad harvests and many turned to sheep farming - not enough food
- closure of monasteries = no more charity
What were the local measures introduced to combat poverty in Norfolk?
- almhouses established to house the poor
- work provided for the poor
What were the local measures introduced to combat poverty in London?
- St Bartholemew’s hospital for sick established
- St Thomas established for the elderly
- Christ’s Hospital for the orphans
- Bethlehem’s for the insane
What did the Elizabethan government do to aid poverty?
- Carried out full recoinage
- established fixed rates for fixed workers
- enforced Acts protecting rural jobs
What was the Poor Law?
- Everyone had to pay towards setting up workhouses and payment relief for the ‘deserving poor’
- Parish had to appoint 4 ‘Overseers of Poor’ who would ensure orphans had apprenticeships and that almhouses were running smoothly
Name an example of a scam seen in Thomas Harmans Book of Beggars
‘anglers’ would steal clothes off washing lines @ night
What is signficant about Francis Drake?
Circumnavigated the world in 1577
What were the short term consequences of English exploration?
- increased hostility between Spain and England
- Brought great wealth
- improved Liz public image
What were the long term consequences of English exploration?
- Britain became rich over time
- political: establishment of colonies
- military: developed a powerful navy
What was Liz’s religious settlement?
Compromise:
- allowed priest to marry
- declared herself ‘govenor’ rather than Head of Church
- Church maintained an episcopal structure
- ornaments such as crosses and candles could be placed at communion tables
When was the Act of Supremacy passed?
1559
When was the Act of Uniformity passed?
1559
Describe some of the 39 articles
- Protestant Church created
- Book of Common Prayer
- Clergy allowed to marry
- Priests had to wear traditional Catholic vestements
Describe the Protestant reaction to the 39 Articles
Existence of bishops and vestements pissed of Puritans
When was the Papal bull sent?
1570
When were Puritan printing presses destroyed?
1572
What was Liz’s response to the Papal Bull?
Treason Act: denying Liz supremacy and bringing the Papal Bull into the country was punishable by death + anyone who left the country for more than six months would have their land confiscated
What was Liz’s response to the Jesuits?
Acts against Jesuits and Seminary Priests: banned being a Priest - all Priests ordered to leave within 40 days. 1585
When was the Statue of Confinement enforced?
1593
When did the Northern Rebellion occur?
1569
When did the Ridolfi plot occur?
1571
When did the Throckmorton plot happen?
1583
When did the Babington plot occur?
1586
Describe Phillip’s plan with the Spanish armada
- prepared a fleet of 130 warships armed with 2500 guns
- Plan: Armada sails up the English channel in order to meet Spanish army in the Netherlands then sail to England. March to London to attack
Describe the Spanish Armada
7000 sailors, 34,000 soldiers, 180 priests.
Commander: Medina Sidonia (had no sailing experience)
Prepared for land attack, not sea attack
Describe the Armada’s attack
- 6th August: Armada anchored off Dutch coast as planned, but Duke of Parma wasn’t there- he sent troops inwards towards the canals
- 7th August: Drake sent 8 fireships into Spanish fleet - SP cut their anchor ropes to flee to get away, which broke the crescent formation
- 8th August: Battle of Gravelines began
- English fired from loom - lots of damage, 5 Spanish ships sank, 1000 soldiers killed
- Spanish ships tried to get back to Spain but English chased them up north
