The Exchange and Transport of Gases Flashcards
what is the part of the brain that controls the breathing
medulla oblongata
what is the nervous system that controls the breathing
autonomic nervous system
what is inhalation
taking air into the lungs
what is the stimulus for inhalation
high CO2 content and H+
what registers the stimulus for inhalation
chemoreceptors
what nerve stimulates the diaphragm
the phrenic nerve
what nerve stimulates the muscles in the rib cage
intercostal nerve
what happens after the nerves stimulate the diaphragm and intercostal musfcles
the chest cavity increases and air rushes that
what is the normal breathing rate
12-14 bpm
how does exhalation work
Stretch receptors in lungs tell medulla oblongata that inhalation has occurred and the nerves de activate causing the muscles to contract which reduces the thoracic cavity in size and forces air out
what is hyperventilating and what does the brain perceive this as
excessive or over breathing that the brain perceives as a slow or stop signal which can cause you to pass out
what does drug poisoning due
it decreases sensitivy of chemoreceptors and brain stem therefore decreasing breathing rate
where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place
between the lung alveoli and the lung capillaries
what happens to ixygen and carbon dioxide when they are in the capillaries
they are dissolved in blood
what state is oxygen and carbon dioxide in when in the alveoli
gaseous state
what are the three activites that assist in exchange/transport of gases and what do they do
act of breathing which causes size of thoracic cavity to expand, force of deoxygenated blood into lung capillaries, and contraction of left ventricle which causes oxygenated blood to be delivered to body
whats the role of blood in the respiratory system
transports oxygen from lungs and carbon diozide to lungs
how does oxygen dissolve in the alveoli
by diffusion
where does oxygen move after being dissoled in the alveoli
capillaries
what happens to oxygen when in red blood cells
form a loose chemical bond with hemoglobin
what are the 2 parts of hemoglobin and whats their purpose
heme (organic molecule containing iron)
globin (a protein that wraps itself around the heme)
whats oxyhemoglobin
when oxygen forms a loose association with the iron atams in hemoglobin
what process produces CO2 as waste
cellular respiration
how does CO2 diffuse in the body
from areas wehre concentration is high to liuid part of the blood and the RBC where the concentration is lower
what are the 3 ways that carbon diozinde is carried
as dissoved gas in molecules, combined with hemoglobin, reacts with water to produce bicarbonate ions
what percentage of carbion diozide is carried in plasma
8%
what percentage of carbon diozide combines with hemoglobin
20%
what is it called when carbon dioxide bonds with hemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin
what percentage of carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce bicarbonate ions to be transported
72%
where does formation of bicoarbonate ion take place
in the blood plasma and RBC plasma
what enxyme adccelerates the formation of carbonic acid
carbonic anhydrase
what does newly formed carbonic acid break down into
bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions
