Kidney and Nephron Physiology Quiz Flashcards
what does ADH stand for
anti-diuretic hormone
what does high ADH mean
low water levels in system
whats the afferent arteriole
arteriole leading to nephron/bowmans capsule
whats the glomerulus and what is it fed/drained by
ball of capillaries that is unlike other capillary beds; fed and drained by arterioles
whats the efferent arteriole
arteriole leading away from the glomerulus that contains blood that is left after filtration
what are the 3 blood vessels within the nephron
afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
whats the proximal convoluted tubule and what is it involved in
nephron tubule closest to bowmans capsule that is involved in reabsorption
whats the loop of henle
loop of nephron that dips into medulla
where is most of the nephron located
in the cortex of the kidney
what is the distal convoluted tubule
nephron tubule furthest from bowmans capsule`
what is the collecting tubule
duct that recieves urine from the nephron
where is urine formed
in the nephron
what are teh 3 processes involved in nephron
filtration, reabosrption, secretion
what is filtration
process by which substances are forced out of the blood stream into the nephron/bowmans capsule
whats filtrate
substances that pass from glomerulus blood to bowmans capsule
what does the glomerulus act as
a filter
whats forced filtratio
non-selective passive process that forces some of plasma into bowman’s capsule to be filtered
what happens during reabsorption
useful materials are returned to capillaries by the rest of the nephron tubules
what process are involved in reabsoption
osmosis, active transport, diffusion
what structures are involved in reabsorption
proximal convuluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convuluted tubule, collecting tubule
what happens in the proximal convoluted tubule
useful materials are transported back into the blood stream, making the blood more hypertonic and establishing osmotic pressure
what is the proximal convoluted tubule lined with and why
microvilli to increase surface area
what process occurs in the proximal convuluted tubule and why
active transport bc there are many mitochondria
what are the 2 different parts of the loop of henle
descending loop, ascending loop
what state is the blood and filtrate in when it reaches the bottom of the loop
isotonic
what is the ascending loop made permeable to and what by
salts by aldosterone
what does aldosterone do
help regulate mineral balance of body
what does more aldosterone do
more salt reabsorbed by diffusion
why does no water absorption occur in the ascending loop
its impermeable to water
what does ADH do
determines how much water the body needs to reabsorb
what happens if the body is dehydrated
more ADH and more reabsoption of H2O occurs and the urine is more concentrated
what does the urine look like if its more concentrated and what does it mean
darker yellow; less water
what is required for the occurence of tubular secretion
active transport
what does tubular secretion do
draws wastes that did not enter the bowmans capsule out of the vapillary bed
where does tubular secretion occur
distal and collecting tubules
what does ADH control adn how
water regulation with osmoreceptors that sense change in osmotic pressure
whats diabetes insipidus
hyposecetion of ADH
whats diabetes mellitus
inadequate secretion of insulin from cells in the pancrease
what does aldosterone do
increase poermeability of distal tubule to salt in order to stimulate more salt reabostption
