Kidney and Nephron Physiology Quiz

Question 1

what does ADH stand for

Answer 1

anti-diuretic hormone

Question 2

what does high ADH mean

Answer 2

low water levels in system

Question 3

whats the afferent arteriole

Answer 3

arteriole leading to nephron/bowmans capsule

Question 4

whats the glomerulus and what is it fed/drained by

Answer 4

ball of capillaries that is unlike other capillary beds; fed and drained by arterioles

Question 5

whats the efferent arteriole

Answer 5

arteriole leading away from the glomerulus that contains blood that is left after filtration

Question 6

what are the 3 blood vessels within the nephron

Answer 6

afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole

Question 7

whats the proximal convoluted tubule and what is it involved in

Answer 7

nephron tubule closest to bowmans capsule that is involved in reabsorption

Question 8

whats the loop of henle

Answer 8

loop of nephron that dips into medulla

Question 9

where is most of the nephron located

Answer 9

in the cortex of the kidney

Question 10

what is the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 10

nephron tubule furthest from bowmans capsule`

Question 11

what is the collecting tubule

Answer 11

duct that recieves urine from the nephron

Question 12

where is urine formed

Answer 12

in the nephron

Question 13

what are teh 3 processes involved in nephron

Answer 13

filtration, reabosrption, secretion

Question 14

what is filtration

Answer 14

process by which substances are forced out of the blood stream into the nephron/bowmans capsule

Question 15

whats filtrate

Answer 15

substances that pass from glomerulus blood to bowmans capsule

Question 16

what does the glomerulus act as

Answer 16

a filter

Question 17

whats forced filtratio

Answer 17

non-selective passive process that forces some of plasma into bowman’s capsule to be filtered

Question 18

what happens during reabsorption

Answer 18

useful materials are returned to capillaries by the rest of the nephron tubules

Question 19

what process are involved in reabsoption

Answer 19

osmosis, active transport, diffusion

Question 20

what structures are involved in reabsorption

Answer 20

proximal convuluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convuluted tubule, collecting tubule

Question 21

what happens in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 21

useful materials are transported back into the blood stream, making the blood more hypertonic and establishing osmotic pressure

Question 22

what is the proximal convoluted tubule lined with and why

Answer 22

microvilli to increase surface area

Question 23

what process occurs in the proximal convuluted tubule and why

Answer 23

active transport bc there are many mitochondria

Question 24

what are the 2 different parts of the loop of henle

Answer 24

descending loop, ascending loop

Question 25

what state is the blood and filtrate in when it reaches the bottom of the loop

Answer 25

isotonic

Question 26

what is the ascending loop made permeable to and what by

Answer 26

salts by aldosterone

Question 27

what does aldosterone do

Answer 27

help regulate mineral balance of body

Question 28

what does more aldosterone do

Answer 28

more salt reabsorbed by diffusion

Question 29

why does no water absorption occur in the ascending loop

Answer 29

its impermeable to water

Question 30

what does ADH do

Answer 30

determines how much water the body needs to reabsorb

Question 31

what happens if the body is dehydrated

Answer 31

more ADH and more reabsoption of H2O occurs and the urine is more concentrated

Question 32

what does the urine look like if its more concentrated and what does it mean

Answer 32

darker yellow; less water

Question 33

what is required for the occurence of tubular secretion

Answer 33

active transport

Question 34

what does tubular secretion do

Answer 34

draws wastes that did not enter the bowmans capsule out of the vapillary bed

Question 35

where does tubular secretion occur

Answer 35

distal and collecting tubules

Question 36

what does ADH control adn how

Answer 36

water regulation with osmoreceptors that sense change in osmotic pressure

Question 37

whats diabetes insipidus

Answer 37

hyposecetion of ADH

Question 38

whats diabetes mellitus

Answer 38

inadequate secretion of insulin from cells in the pancrease

Question 39

what does aldosterone do

Answer 39

increase poermeability of distal tubule to salt in order to stimulate more salt reabostption