Fats and Other Lipids Flashcards
what are lipids made up of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what are the functions of fats
store energy long term, insolation, membrane structure, hormones, vitamins, phospholipids
what are the 4 types of fats
plant fats, animal fats, phospholipids and sterols
what is a sterol
4 carbon ring structure with varying carbon chain attachments
what are the main components of a fat
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
how can lipids become more soluble in water
phospholipids or emulsion
whats emulsion
droplet of one liquid that is suspended in another
how much of body composition is made up of proteins
23%
whats a protein
an extremely large molecule made up of many amino acids
what are proteins composed of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
what are the 8 main functions of proteins
structural, regulatroy, contraciton, transport, proetctive, buffers, enzymes and energy
what do buffers do
help control the acidity of the body
what are amino acids
building blocks or proteins
how many different kinds of amino acids are there
20
how many amino acids can humans make on their own and what are these called
12 out of 20, these are called necessary nutrients
whats the chemical formula for an amine group
NH2
what holds amino acids together to make a protein
peptide bonds
what enzyme breaks down peptide bonds to separate amino acids
peptidase
what is a dipeptide
2 amino acids bonded together
what is a polypeptide
greater then 2 amino acids bonded together
what is deamination
break down of amino acids and the removal of NH2
what occurs in the digestive track to break down a protein
enzymatic hydrolysis
what causes the denaturation of proteins
temperature, pH, chemicals
what is denaturation of proteins
the unfolding of the protein chain that causes it to lose its 3D sturcture
what does denaturation do to proteins
inactivates them
