Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 20 > Ecology and Adaptation Unit Final > Flashcards

Ecology and Adaptation Unit Final Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three domains of life

A

eukarya, bacteria and archea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

whats a homologous structure

A

Structures with similar anatomy, morphology, embryology and genetics but dissimilar functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

whats an analogous structure

A

Structures that are superficially similar but anatomically dissimilar doing the same function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

whats the first law of thermodynamics

A

the total energy in a closed system is neither lost nor gained, only transformed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

whats the second law of thermodynamics

A

during energy transformations, some energy is lost as heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens as the trophic level increases

A

less energy becomes available to be used by the next organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats the formula for efficency

A

output/input x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is biomass

A

the dry weight of living material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the pyramid of energy illustrat

A

the loss of energy at successive levels of a food web

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens with each higher trophic level

A

biomass decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why are food chains short

A

because after higher-level consumers have ingested and metabolized there food, there’s is an insufficient supply of energy for a another energy transfer to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do biomass pyramids indicate

A

that there is a large difference in the biomass content between the producers and top-level carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

whats an organism in the 1st trophic level caled

A

producer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

whats an organism in the 2nd trophic level called

A

primary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

whats an organism in the 3rd trophic level called

A

secondary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

whats an organism in the 5th trophic level caled

A

quaternary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

whats an organism in the 4th trophic level caled

A

tertiary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

whats an organism in the 6th trophic level caled

A

quintary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

whats an organism in the 7th trophic level caled

A

sextary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whats predation

A

when one living organism (the predator) feeds on another living organims (the prey)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

whats parasatism

A

a type of symbiosis in which one of the species causes some harm to the other but tends not to kill it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

whats commensalism

A

a symbiotic relationshuiph between two species in which one species Is benefited nd theother is neither helped nor harmed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

whats an example of parasitism

A

tapeworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

whats an example of commensalism

A

remore on a shark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
whats mutualism
symbiotic relaitonship wehre both members benefit
22
whats an exmaple of mutualism
termites and protozoans, clownfish adn sea anenomine
23
whats intraspecfic competion
competition between members of the same species
24
whats interspecific competition
competition between members of two different species
25
how does the lynx-hare cycle work
hares reproduction rate increases so they eat more of there food supply until they are forced to supplement their diet with less desirable and nutritious food because they eat so much. the lynx population increases in response, and other preadaotrs opportunistically begin to hunt the hare because there is more. the less nutritious diet begins to have an effect and hares begin to die which causes less hares to be born decreasing the population which causes the lynx population to decrease, allowing the vegetation to recover. once there is enough vegetation for the hares the population begins to increase again and the whole cycle starts over
26
whats the order for the classification system
domain, kingdom, phylem, class, order, family, genus, species
27
how is binomial nomenclature written
first part is genus with first letter capitalized, second part is species with first letter lowercase, whole name italicized
28
whats the order for the classification system
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
29
whats a food web
collection of food chains
30
where does most energy in the food chain go to
producers
31
where does all energy in the food chain come from
sun
32
what are the 4 steps of the nitrogen cycle in order
decomposition, nitrogen fixation, nitrificaiton, denitricicaiton
33
what happens in decomposition
decomposers break down dead material into ammonia
34
what happesn in nitrogen fixation
bacteria converts nitrgoen to ammonium
35
what happens in nitrification
Nitrifying bacteria takes ammonium and convert it to nitrite and then nitrate, which can be used by plants
36
what happens in denitrification
Bacteria convert nitrate back to N2 to restart the cycle
37
whats the forumal for nitrate
NO3
38
whats the forumla for nitrite
NO2
39
what type of relationship is there between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants
mutualistic
40
what happens in nitrification
nitrifying bacteria takes ammonium and convert it to nitrite then nitrate which can be used by plants
41
whats albedo
the amount of energy reflected off of a surface
42
what does a pyramid of numbers show
the pattern that there are fewer numbers of organisms the higher the trophic level
43
what does a pyramid of biomass show
the amount of energy at each trophic level and in the living tissues of an ecosystem
44
what does a pyramid of energy show
the total amount of energy that is transferred through each trophic level
45
steps of water cycle
evaporation, condensation, sublimation, precipitation, transpiration, runoff, infiltration
46
steps of carbon-oxygen cycle
carbon goes into photosynthesis which produces oxygen that goes into cellular respiration which has a bi product of carbon that goes back into the atmosphere for the cycle to continue
47
what does the term environment refer to
eferthing that affects an organism thorugh its life as well as everything that the organism effects
48
whats a population
a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at the same time
49
whats a community
all of the individuals in all of the interacting populations in a given area
50
whats an ecosystem
a communithy of populations together with the abiotic factors that surround and affect it in that area
51
whats a biosphere made up of
all the ecosystems in the world and their intractions
52
whats the orginization levels of the bioshpere in order from smalest to biggest
individual organism, population, commmunity, ecosystem, bioshphere
53
whats natural selection
process that results when the charactersitics of a population of organisms change because individuals with certain inherited traits survive specific conditions and pass on their traits to their offspring through reproduction
54
what is needed for natural selection to occur
diversity within a species
55
whats lamarcks theory called
the inheritance of acquired characteristics
56
what does lamarcks theory suggest
that adaptations developed by an organism thorugh its life span resulted in characteristics that could be inherited by offspring
57
what was charles darwins theory called
natural selection
58
what are the 2 pathways that can lead to speciation
transformation or divergence
59
whats transformation
when a new species gradually develops as a result of mutation and adaptation to chaing environmental conditions, and the old species is gradually replaced
60
whats divergence
when one or more speies arise from a parent species that continues to exist
61
whats symbiosis
the direct or close relationship between individuals of different species that live together
62
whats succession
the sequence of invasion and replacemnt of species in an ecosystmen that results in a gradual change in community structure, beginning with a pioneer ommunitya dn leading towards a climax community
63
what makes up the pioneer communit
the first species to colonize an area and initiate sucsess
64
whats teh biosphere
the narrow zone around the earth that harbors life
65
what are teh 3 structural zones of the earth
lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere
66
zones or earths atmosphere in order from to closest to earth to farthest from earth
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, upper atmosphere, magnetosphere
67
where is teh ozone layer
in the stratosphere
68
wheres the ionosphere
upper atmosphere
69
whats the ionosphere
zone that absorbs most of the deadly x rays and gamma rays produced by solar radiation
70
wheres teh magnetosphere
just beyond the limits of the atmosphere
71
what does the magnetosphere do
deflects most of the charged and potentially lethal particles that are emitted by the sun or that come from interstellar space
72
what must happen to matter to maintain the bioshpehre
matter has to be recycled
73
what are the 2 ways that phospherous tends to recycle
a long term cycle involving rocks of the earths crust, a shorter cycle involving living organisms

Biology 20 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions