Circulatory System Quiz

Question 1

How does the heart muscle appear under a microscope

Answer 1

striated

Question 2

whats the myogenic heart muscle

Answer 2

ability of the muscle to contract without external nerve stimulation

Question 3

What is an example of nervous stimuli to increase heart rate?

Answer 3

fear, excitement, tension

Question 4

what’s an example of physical stimuli to increase heart rate

Answer 4

exercise

Question 5

whats an example of chemical stimuli to increase heart rate

Answer 5

carbon dioxide, nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, hormones

Question 6

whats the main nervous regulating centre of heart rate called

Answer 6

medulla oblongata

Question 7

what do the 2 pairs of nerves leaving the medulla oblongata

Answer 7

one pair increases heart rate, the other pair slows heart rate down

Question 8

where are the stimulatory nerve fibers located

Answer 8

in the spinal cord

Question 9

where are the inhibitory nerves located

Answer 9

in vagus nerve of brain

Question 10

what is the heart rate set by

Answer 10

sinoatrial node (SA node)

Question 11

What is the sinoatrial node

Answer 11

a bundle of speicalized nerves located when venae cavae enter right atrium that acts as a pacemaker for the heart

Question 12

where are nerve impulses from the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart carried

Answer 12

to the atrioventricular node

Question 13

where are nerve impulses from the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart carried

Answer 13

to the atrioventricular node (AV node)

Question 14

where is the atrioventricular node located

Answer 14

spetum of the heart

Question 15

what does the AV node do

Answer 15

it serves as a conductor passing nerve impulses along special tracts through the dividing septum toward the ventricles

Question 16

where do the impulses go from the AV node

Answer 16

bundle of his

Question 17

whats the bundle of his

Answer 17

special tissues that runs down the septum to the apex of the heart

Question 18

what’s the order in how nerve impulses travel through the heart

Answer 18

SA node –> AV node –> bundle of his –> purkinje fibres

Question 19

where do the impulses go after the bundle of his

Answer 19

off to the pukinge fibres

Question 20

what do the purkinje fibres do

Answer 20

conduct impulses into the muscular walls of the ventricles

Question 21

where do the ventricular contractions begin

Answer 21

at the bottom of the ventricles and then spread upwards

Question 22

What are contractions immediately followed by and why

Answer 22

Relaxation; because the heart muscle cannot sustain a contraction for a long period of time

Question 23

how does the AV node ensure that the ventricles contract a fraction of a second after the atria

Answer 23

through the time required to stimulate the node

Question 24

what causes heart rate to increase

Answer 24

impulses from vena cava

Question 25

what causes heart rate centre to decrease heart rate

Answer 25

impulses from aorta or carotid arteries

Question 26

how does an artifical pacemaker work

Answer 26

electrode emits electrical impulses at timed intervals that can speed up a heart rate or correct an erratic heartbeat

Question 27

whats an electrocardiogram

Answer 27

device which measures electrical fields in the heart

Question 28

what does the p wave of an ECG show

Answer 28

atrial contraction

Question 29

what does the QRS spike of an ECG show

Answer 29

records ventricular contraction

Question 30

What does the t wave of an ECG mean

Answer 30

Signals that the ventricles have contracted

Question 31

how do blood cells move through capillaries

Answer 31

in single file

Question 32

what does blood have to do in capillarie beds and what does it do

Answer 32

it has to slow down which enhacnes nutrient, gas and waste exchange

Question 33

whats the typical amount of lbood in the body

Answer 33

5-7 litres

Question 34

what is the lining of blood vessels called

Answer 34

endothielia cells

Question 35

why are capillaries so thin

Answer 35

helps to enhance absorption

Question 36

what do precapillary sphincters do

Answer 36

allow or prevent passage of blood into a capillary bed so that the blood can be directed to the specific beds as needed

Question 37

whats a capillarie bed

Answer 37

an enormous number of capillaries

Question 38

what are the 5 types of capillarie exchange

Answer 38

diffusion, osmosis, active transport, ameboid movement, and hydrostatic pressure

Question 39

whats capillarie exchange

Answer 39

transfer of substances between the blood and extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 40

whats capillary exchange

Answer 40

transfer of substances between teh blood and extra cellular fluid (ECF)

Question 41

whats emeboid movment

Answer 41

when white blood cells squeeze out of capillary pores

Question 42

whats hydrostatic pressure

Answer 42

force that moves fluids thorugh pipes

Question 43

what does hydrostatic pressure do in the circulatory system

Answer 43

makes it so that blood pressure is due to the force of the heart

Question 44

where is hydrostatic pressure the greatest in a capillary bed

Answer 44

arteriole end

Question 45

where is hydrostatic pressure the least in a capillary bed

Answer 45

at the venule end

Question 46

What does hydrostatic pressure assist with

Answer 46

speeding up the transfer of materials in capillary exchange

Question 47

what are the 2 main factors that effect blood pressure

Answer 47

cardiac output and the resistance of arterial blood vessels

Question 48

what is cardiac output

Answer 48

the amount of. blood pumper by the ventricles per minute

Question 49

whats stroke volume determined by

Answer 49

the size of the heart; fitness level/strength of the heart

Question 50

whats stroke volume

Answer 50

the amount of blood pumped to the body with each beat of the heart

Question 51

what 2 factors effect cardiac output

Answer 51

heart rate and stroke volume

Question 52

what 3 factors affect resistance of arterial blood vessels

Answer 52

blood viscosity, diameter and elasticity of blood vessels

Question 53

what is vasoconstriction

Answer 53

narrowing of the blood vessels, increasing blood pressure

Question 54

whats vasodilation

Answer 54

enlargement of blood vessels which decreases blood pressure

Question 55

What is vasoconstriction under

Answer 55

sympathetic control

Question 56

What is vasodilation under

Answer 56

parasympathetic system control

Question 57

What are some other factors that can influence blood pressure

Answer 57

stretch receptor stimulation, precapillary sphincter regulation, amount of blood, hormonal control

Question 58

what is the pulse

Answer 58

surge of blood at each ventricular contraction through muscular, elastic arterial walls

Question 59

what does systolic pressure represnet

Answer 59

when the ventricles ocntract

Question 60

what does diastolic pressure represent

Answer 60

when ventricles relaz and are filling

Question 61

why is diastolic pressure so critical

Answer 61

it indicates the amount of rest a heart will get

Question 62

how long does each cardiac cycle roughly last

Answer 62

around 0.8 secondons

Question 63

whats hypertension

Answer 63

when arteriole blood pressure is above average and involves a sustained systolic pressure or diastolic pressure greater then the average range

Question 64

what does being overwheight do to blodd vessels

Answer 64

decreases internal diameter which can increase risk of heart problems

Question 65

what happens during shock

Answer 65

the heart beats faster and fast, decreasing cardiac output and causing the relaxation of ventricles to become shorter, resulting in less blood filling the ventricles and the stroke volume lowering

Question 66

whats coronary artery disease

Answer 66

disease of the arteries surrounding the heat

Question 67

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 67

deposition of fatty compounds on the inner lining of the coronary arterys

Question 68

what is angina pectoris

Answer 68

an episode of chest pain due to a temporary difference between the supply and demand of oxygen to the heart muscle

Question 69

whats an arrhuthmia

Answer 69

an abnoraml heart rythm

Question 70

whats a heart murmur

Answer 70

when an extra sound is heard between normal heart sounds