Carbohydrates Flashcards
why are carbohydrates important to the body
they are a major source of energy
what’s the composition of a carbohydrate
1 carbon atom : 1 water molecule
what are the 2 types of simple carbohydrates
monosaccharides and dissaccharides
what’s the formula of a monosaccharide
C6H12O6
what are the 3 types of monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
wheres glucose found
in animals and plants
wheres fructose found
in fruit and honey
wheres galactose found
in milk and other dairy products
whats a disaccharide
2 monosaccharides joined together
what’s the formula for a disaccharide
C12H22O11
why is the formula for a disaccharide not just double the formula of a monosaccharide
because when you put the two molecules together, enzymatic dehydration process occurs which means you lose a water molecule (2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen)
whats enzymatic dehydration
the loss of a water molecule due to the presence of an enzyme resulting in the combination of 2 monosaccharides to form 1 disaccharide
what are the 3 types of disaccharides
maltose, sucrose, lactose
what monosaccharide combination makes maltose
glucose + glucose
what monosaccharide combination makes sucrose
glucose + fructose
what monosaccharide combination makes lactose
glucose + galactose
whats a complex carbohydrate called
a polysaccharide
whats a polysaccharide
basically long chains of sugar where many. monosaccharide and disaccharide molecules are linked together
what are the common polysaccharides in plants
starch and cellulose
what’s the purpose of starch and cellulose in plants
they store sugar in these forms
what’s the common polysaccharide in animals
glycogen
what is glycogen made of
2000-3000 monosaccharides joined together
what’s the opposite of enzymatic dehydration
enzymatic hydrolysis
whats enzymatic hydrolysis
the addition of a water molecule and enzyme to digest disaccharides and polysaccharides
what enzyme digests maltose and what does it split it into
maltase enzyme + a water molecule splits maltose into glucose + glucose
what enzyme digests sucrose and what does it split it into
sucrase enzyme + water molecule splits sucrose into glucose + fructose
what enzyme digests lactose and what does it split it into
lactase enzyme + water molecule splits lactose into glucose + galactose
whats a nutrient
any substance that has a useful function when taken into the body cells
what are the two types of nutrients
necessary nutrients and essential nutrients
whats a necessary nutrient
a nutrient that the body can make by rearranging certain chemicals if it’s not in the diet
whats an essential nutrient
a nutrient that cannot be made by the body and must be acquired from an external source
what are the two types of nutrition
heterotrophic and autotrophic
whats heterotrophic nutrition
when the organisms can not manufacture their own good and therefore must consume it
whats autotrophic nutrition
when the organisms manufacture their own food
