Carbohydrates

Question 1

why are carbohydrates important to the body

Answer 1

they are a major source of energy

Question 2

what’s the composition of a carbohydrate

Answer 2

1 carbon atom : 1 water molecule

Question 3

what are the 2 types of simple carbohydrates

Answer 3

monosaccharides and dissaccharides

Question 4

what’s the formula of a monosaccharide

Answer 4

C6H12O6

Question 5

what are the 3 types of monosaccharides

Answer 5

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 6

wheres glucose found

Answer 6

in animals and plants

Question 7

wheres fructose found

Answer 7

in fruit and honey

Question 8

wheres galactose found

Answer 8

in milk and other dairy products

Question 9

whats a disaccharide

Answer 9

2 monosaccharides joined together

Question 10

what’s the formula for a disaccharide

Answer 10

C12H22O11

Question 11

why is the formula for a disaccharide not just double the formula of a monosaccharide

Answer 11

because when you put the two molecules together, enzymatic dehydration process occurs which means you lose a water molecule (2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen)

Question 12

whats enzymatic dehydration

Answer 12

the loss of a water molecule due to the presence of an enzyme resulting in the combination of 2 monosaccharides to form 1 disaccharide

Question 13

what are the 3 types of disaccharides

Answer 13

maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 14

what monosaccharide combination makes maltose

Answer 14

glucose + glucose

Question 15

what monosaccharide combination makes sucrose

Answer 15

glucose + fructose

Question 16

what monosaccharide combination makes lactose

Answer 16

glucose + galactose

Question 17

whats a complex carbohydrate called

Answer 17

a polysaccharide

Question 18

whats a polysaccharide

Answer 18

basically long chains of sugar where many. monosaccharide and disaccharide molecules are linked together

Question 19

what are the common polysaccharides in plants

Answer 19

starch and cellulose

Question 20

what’s the purpose of starch and cellulose in plants

Answer 20

they store sugar in these forms

Question 21

what’s the common polysaccharide in animals

Answer 21

glycogen

Question 22

what is glycogen made of

Answer 22

2000-3000 monosaccharides joined together

Question 23

what’s the opposite of enzymatic dehydration

Answer 23

enzymatic hydrolysis

Question 24

whats enzymatic hydrolysis

Answer 24

the addition of a water molecule and enzyme to digest disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 25

what enzyme digests maltose and what does it split it into

Answer 25

maltase enzyme + a water molecule splits maltose into glucose + glucose

Question 26

what enzyme digests sucrose and what does it split it into

Answer 26

sucrase enzyme + water molecule splits sucrose into glucose + fructose

Question 27

what enzyme digests lactose and what does it split it into

Answer 27

lactase enzyme + water molecule splits lactose into glucose + galactose

Question 28

whats a nutrient

Answer 28

any substance that has a useful function when taken into the body cells

Question 29

what are the two types of nutrients

Answer 29

necessary nutrients and essential nutrients

Question 30

whats a necessary nutrient

Answer 30

a nutrient that the body can make by rearranging certain chemicals if it’s not in the diet

Question 31

whats an essential nutrient

Answer 31

a nutrient that cannot be made by the body and must be acquired from an external source

Question 32

what are the two types of nutrition

Answer 32

heterotrophic and autotrophic

Question 33

whats heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 33

when the organisms can not manufacture their own good and therefore must consume it

Question 34

whats autotrophic nutrition

Answer 34

when the organisms manufacture their own food