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Biology 20 > Mouth to Small Intestine - Digestive System Quiz > Flashcards

Mouth to Small Intestine - Digestive System Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Whats the summary of the food processing process in order?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion

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2
Q

Whats excretion

A

the removal of material that was once part of the living tissue of the organism

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3
Q

whats egestion

A

the removal of undigested food that has never entered the tissues of the body

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4
Q

what are the 2 main processes of digestion

A

chemical and mechanical

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5
Q

whats the pH orange of the mouth

A

6-7.4

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6
Q

what’s the purpose of the tongue

A

it positions the food on the teeth, aids in mixing saliva with the food, helps move food to the pharynx and allows you to taste food

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7
Q

whats the pharynx

A

common area at the back of the throat for you digestive and respiratory system

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8
Q

whats the purpose of the teeth

A

to mechanically grind and break down food as well as expose more surface area of the food so that the enzymes can break it down better

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9
Q

what’s the purpose of the teeth

A

to mechanically grind and break down food as well as expose more surface area of the food so that the enzymes can break it down better

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10
Q

what are the three pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid, sublingual, and submaxillary

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11
Q

what’s the purpose of saliva

A

its helps to soften/, moiston food as well as aids in forming bolus

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12
Q

whats the makeup of saliva

A

99% water, 1% amylase

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13
Q

how do you spell amylase

A

A-M-Y-L-A-S-E

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14
Q

whats amylase

A

an enzyme that breaks down amylose thorugh enzymatic hydrolysis

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15
Q

whats amylose

A

a common component of starches and carbohydrates

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16
Q

whats the roof of the mouth called

A

the palate

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17
Q

what are the 2 types of palates and where are they located

A

the hard palate which is at the front of the mouth, and the soft palate which is at the back of the mouth

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18
Q

whats the uvula and what does it do

A

the tissue hanging at the back of the mouth that tips when you swallow to help block the entrance to the nasal passage

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19
Q

whats the epiglottis

A

flap of tissue that closes off the trachea during swallowing so that the food doesn’t enter your respiratory track

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20
Q

where is the epiglottis located

A

at the lower end of the pharynx

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21
Q

what does the trachea do

A

carries air to the lungs

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22
Q

what is the esophagus

A

a muscular collapsible tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

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23
Q

what does the esophagus do

A

carries food down to the stomach

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24
Q

how does the esophagus help move food down towards the stomach

A

secretes a mucus wtihout enxymes that helps to lubricate the bolus and useses peristalisis

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25
Q

whats esophageal peristalsis

A

muscular contractions that help to move the bolus down the esophagus to the stomach

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26
Q

where is the stomach located

A

below the diaphragm towards the left side of the abdomen

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27
Q

what is the stomach made of

A

3 different layers of smooth involuntary muscles

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28
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the stomach called

A

longitudinal, circular, and oblique

29
Q

whats gastric peristalsis

A

muscular contractions that help to mix the gastric juices with food

30
Q

whats rugae

A

many wrinkles/ridges in the wall of the stomach that increase its surface area and ability to stretch, as well as create gastric pits at the bottom of each fold

31
Q

what are the 4 types of gastric juices?

A

pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, rennin, gastric lipase

32
Q

whats pepsinogen

A

an inactive form of the enzyme that breaks down proteins

33
Q

whats pepsin

A

the active form of pepsinogen

34
Q

what does pepsin do

A

helps break down proteins

35
Q

whats hydrochloric acid do

A

convert pepsinogen to pepsin

36
Q

whats rennin

A

an enzyme found some animals that aids with the clotting of milk

37
Q

whats gastric lipase

A

en enzyme that breaks triglycerides (fats) into 3 fatty acids and glycerol

38
Q

whats the name of the valve that allows food to enter the stomach

A

cardine valve

39
Q

whats the name of the valve that allows food to exit the stomach into the duodeum

A

pyloric valve

40
Q

whats food called after it has left the stomach through the pyloric valve

A

chyme

41
Q

what gets digested in the stomach

A

proteins and lipids

42
Q

roughly how long is the small intestine

A

7 m

43
Q

where does carbohydrate digestion start

A

in the mouth

44
Q

where does protein digestion start

A

in the stomach

45
Q

why is the small intestine called ‘small’ even though it is longer than the large intestine

A

because its diameter is much smaller than the diameter of the large intestine

46
Q

what are the 3 main portions of the small intestine in order

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

47
Q

which digestive glands feed into the duodenum

A

pancrease and liver/gallbladder

48
Q

where are most products of digestion absorbed

A

in the jejunum

49
Q

what’s the longest section of the small intestine called

A

the ileum

50
Q

what is the small intestine lined with

A

villi/microvilli

51
Q

what does the core of each villus contain

A

capillaries and lacteal

52
Q

whats lacteal

A

a central lymph vessel

53
Q

what are villi/microvilli

A

a highly specialized absorptive system made up of little finger-like projections within the small intestine

54
Q

what does the liver secrete

A

bile

55
Q

what is bile

A

chemical secretion from the liver that helps to break up fat

56
Q

what is the digestive function of bile

A

it emulsifies fat and activates lipase

57
Q

whats lipase

A

the enzyme that breaks down fats/lipids

58
Q

what does the pancrease secrete

A

pancreatic fluid

59
Q

what enzymes does pancreatic fluid contain

A

pancreatic analyse, pancreatic lipase and trypsin

60
Q

whats the digestive function of pancreatic amylase

A

helps to break down starches and other carbohydrates into maltose and other forming disaccharides

61
Q

whats the digestive function of pancreatic lipase

A

helps to break down fats into fatty acids and glyceride

62
Q

whats the digestive function of trypsin

A

it converts proteins into peptides and amino acids

63
Q

what do the intestinal glands and small intestine secrete

A

intestinal fluid

64
Q

what enzymes are in intestinal fluid

A

enterokinase, mucus and disaccharidases

65
Q

whats the digestive function of enterokinase

A

it converts trypsinogen into trypsin

66
Q

whats the digestive functions of disaccharidases

A

it breaks down lactase, maltase and sucrase into forming monosaccharides

67
Q

whats the digestive function of mucus

A

helps lubricate things

68
Q

what does sodium bicarbonate do and where is it released

A
  • released from pancreas
  • neutralizes acids from stomach within chyme when it comes out of pyloric valve

Biology 20 (31 decks)

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