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Biology 20 > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

chemosynthesis

A

process where certain fungi/bacteria use energy from chemical nutrients to convert carbon into carbohydrates

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2
Q

chemoautotrophs

A

Organisms that synthesize food through the use of chemical energy

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3
Q

chemiosmosis

A

process where ATP is generated across inner mitochondria membrane and thylakoid membrane of chloroplast

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4
Q

photoautotrophs

A

organism that uses energy from the sun to produce its food

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5
Q

stromatolite

A

fossilized sedimentary structure formed from ancient bacteria

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6
Q

eutrophication

A

when an entire body of water, or parts of it, become progressively enriched with nutrients and minerals

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7
Q

punctuated equilibrium

A

theory that once a species appears in a fossil record that its population will become stable, showing little evolutionary change for the rest of its geographical history

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8
Q

homologous structures

A

structures that are physically similar but have completely different purposes

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9
Q

substrate

A

molecule that enzyme reacts with

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10
Q

mitochondrial matrix

A

space within the inner membrane of the mitochondria

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11
Q

summary equaiton for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 -> CO2 + H2O + ATP

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12
Q

aeorbic respiration

A

full cellular respiration with acsess to adequate oxygen

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13
Q

anaeorbic respiartion

A

cellular respiration without oxygen that doesn’t provide nearly as much energy and results in the buildup of lactic acid

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14
Q

glycolysis

A

process where glucose is broken down to produce energy

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15
Q

krebs cycle

A

chain of reactions in mitochondria in which energy is produced

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16
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

chloroplasts

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17
Q

where does cellular respiration occur

A

mitochondria

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18
Q

light depenant reactons

A

Pigment within thylakoid membranes absorb light energy that take place in the stroma

19
Q

photosystems

A

harvest light and convert it to chemical energy

20
Q

vasoconstriciton

A

muscles around blood vessels tighten to make space inside smaller which reduces blood flow and causes higher blood pressure

21
Q

vasodilation

A

Widening of blood vessels as a result of the relaxation of surrounding blood vessels which increases blood flow and decreases blood pressure

22
Q

Rh and antibodies

A

Rh positive does not makeantibodies against Rh and can receive either Rh - or + blood; Rh negative makes antibodies against Rh and can only receive Rh - blood

23
Q

coronary arteries

A

supply blood to the heart msucle

24
Q

what are the 3 domains of life

A

eukarya, bacteria, archaea

25
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

total energy in a closed system is neither lost nor gained, only transformed

26
Q

2nd law of thermodynamic

A

during energy transformations some energy is lost as heat

27
Q

whats rf

A

distance pigment travles/distance solvent travels

28
Q

general photosynthesis equation

A

CO2 + H2O in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll = C6H12O6 + O2 +H2O

29
Q

anabolism

A

larger mole ules synthesized from smaller ones

30
Q

catabolism

A

breakdwon of larger moelcuels into smaller ones

30
Q

overall steps of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis, pyruvate to acetyl CoA, krebs cycle

31
Q

how many ATP generated when glucose is fully broken down

A

36

32
Q

whats first phase of photosyntehsis

A

light dependant reacitons

33
Q

where does calvin cycel occur

A

chloroplast stroma

34
Q

overall steps of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis, pyruvate to acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle

35
Q

muscle filaments

A

three protein filaments of myofibrils that include actin, myosin and titin

36
Q

what does ADH contorl

A

water regulation

37
Q

whta does aldosterone control

A

level of salt reabsorption

38
Q

what does renin do

A

stimulate aldosterone sectetion

39
Q

whats a diuretic

A

`any substance that increases the volume of urine

40
Q

4 excretory organs

A

lungs, skin, anus, kidneys

41
Q

immune response steps

A

foreign cells enter body, t-cells reproduce themselves, t cells chemically notify b cells, b cells reproduce them selves and make antibodies, antibodies destroy foreign cells, t and b cells chemically notified to return to format with some t cells staying as memory cells

42
Q

lymphatic system purpose

A

drain tissue spaces and coavties of fluid that has leaked out of apillaries and returns it to blood stream

43
Q

blood clotting summary

A

thromboplastin released form platelyt, breaks open to activate prothrombin which converts to thrombin, in the presence of calcium converts to fibrinogen which converts to fibrin threads that seal puncture with clot

Biology 20 (31 decks)

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