The Endocrine System A and P Flashcards
Define “Endoocrine”
Release of chemical substances directly into the blood stream or tissues of the body.
Define “Exocrine”
Release of chemical substances through ducts to the outside of the body or onto another surface within the body
Define “Endocrine System”.
A collection of glands, Through out the body, that secrete hormones into the circulatory system.
What are the main functions of the endocrine system?
- Water Balance
- Uterine contractions and milk release
- Metabolism
- Ion regulation
- Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
- Control of blood glucose
- Immune system regulation
What organ is the Pineal gland commonly associated with?
Pancreas
What organ is the Pituitary gland commonly associated with?
Ovaries
What organ is the Thyroid gland commonly associated with?
Testes
What organ is the Parathyroid gland commonly associated with?
Liver
What organ is the adrenal gland commonly associated with?
Heart
What is the effect of ACTH?
Stimulates the adrenal cortex and release the release f cortisol during stress response.
What is the effect of Oxytocin?
Responsible for uterine contractions
What is the main effect of Melanin ?
The control of biological rhythems, including circadian rhythms
What hormone is responsible for regulation of metabolism?
Thyroxine
How many types of islet cells are found in the pancreas?
5
What are the 2 layers of the adrenal glands?
Medulla = Middle
Cortex = outer
What are the functions of the functions of the adrenal glands?
Glomeralasa = Secretes mineral corticoids to help regulate BP
Fasciculata = Secretes glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol
Reticuleris = Secretes sex steriods, E.g Ostrogen
What are the functions of cortisol?
- Stress hormone
- Glucose formation
- Breakdown of proteins
- Depression of the nervous system
What are two main types of steriods?
Anabolic-androgenic
Corticosteroids
What is the mechanisms of anabolic steriods?
They mimic the effect of the male hormone, testosterone
What is the effect of sudden withdrawal from Anboilc-androgenic steriods?
Symptoms are likely o be unpleasant but rarely dangerous.
What is the hormone Aldosterone responsible for?
- Regulation of sodium and potassium levels
- Fluid balance
- Regulation of blood pressure.
What common conditions are treated with corticosteriods?
- Endocrine conditions (Addison’s ect)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Asthma/ COPD
- irratable bowel disease
- MS
- Lupus
- Rashes and skin conditions
What are the different types of steroid dependency?
Primary, Secondary and tertiary
Define “Primary steroid dependency”.
Direct impairment of the adrenal glands, resulting in the glands being unable to produce enough steriods.
Define “Secondary steroid dependency”.
Problems in the pituitary gland result in the a reduced or absent link between them and the adrenal gland.
Define “Tertiary steroid dependency”.
Result from a high dosage or extended use of supplemental corticoidsteriods leaving decrease or ceasation of naturally occurring steriods.
What are the 2 main causes of adrenal crisis?
- The body can’t meet the new demand for cortisol
- ceasation of high dose corticoidsteriods.
- Overall lack of steroid production
What are the 3 common concerning symptoms in adrenal crisis?
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Flu like symptoms
How quickly does a PT deteriorate when in adrenal crisis?
1st hour - unwell
2nd hour - increasingly unwell
3rd hour - critically unwell
What are the signs and symptoms of adrenal crisis?
