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AAP Upskill > The Endocrine System A and P > Flashcards

The Endocrine System A and P Flashcards

1
Q

Define “Endoocrine”

A

Release of chemical substances directly into the blood stream or tissues of the body.

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2
Q

Define “Exocrine”

A

Release of chemical substances through ducts to the outside of the body or onto another surface within the body

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3
Q

Define “Endocrine System”.

A

A collection of glands, Through out the body, that secrete hormones into the circulatory system.

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4
Q

What are the main functions of the endocrine system?

A
  • Water Balance
  • Uterine contractions and milk release
  • Metabolism
  • Ion regulation
  • Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
  • Control of blood glucose
  • Immune system regulation
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5
Q

What organ is the Pineal gland commonly associated with?

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

What organ is the Pituitary gland commonly associated with?

A

Ovaries

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7
Q

What organ is the Thyroid gland commonly associated with?

A

Testes

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8
Q

What organ is the Parathyroid gland commonly associated with?

A

Liver

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9
Q

What organ is the adrenal gland commonly associated with?

A

Heart

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10
Q

What is the effect of ACTH?

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex and release the release f cortisol during stress response.

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11
Q

What is the effect of Oxytocin?

A

Responsible for uterine contractions

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12
Q

What is the main effect of Melanin ?

A

The control of biological rhythems, including circadian rhythms

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13
Q

What hormone is responsible for regulation of metabolism?

A

Thyroxine

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14
Q

How many types of islet cells are found in the pancreas?

A

5

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15
Q

What are the 2 layers of the adrenal glands?

A

Medulla = Middle
Cortex = outer

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16
Q

What are the functions of the functions of the adrenal glands?

A

Glomeralasa = Secretes mineral corticoids to help regulate BP
Fasciculata = Secretes glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol
Reticuleris = Secretes sex steriods, E.g Ostrogen

17
Q

What are the functions of cortisol?

A
  • Stress hormone
  • Glucose formation
  • Breakdown of proteins
  • Depression of the nervous system
18
Q

What are two main types of steriods?

A

Anabolic-androgenic
Corticosteroids

19
Q

What is the mechanisms of anabolic steriods?

A

They mimic the effect of the male hormone, testosterone

20
Q

What is the effect of sudden withdrawal from Anboilc-androgenic steriods?

A

Symptoms are likely o be unpleasant but rarely dangerous.

21
Q

What is the hormone Aldosterone responsible for?

A
  • Regulation of sodium and potassium levels
  • Fluid balance
  • Regulation of blood pressure.
22
Q

What common conditions are treated with corticosteriods?

A
  • Endocrine conditions (Addison’s ect)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Asthma/ COPD
  • irratable bowel disease
  • MS
  • Lupus
  • Rashes and skin conditions
23
Q

What are the different types of steroid dependency?

A

Primary, Secondary and tertiary

23
Q

Define “Primary steroid dependency”.

A

Direct impairment of the adrenal glands, resulting in the glands being unable to produce enough steriods.

24
Q

Define “Secondary steroid dependency”.

A

Problems in the pituitary gland result in the a reduced or absent link between them and the adrenal gland.

25
Q

Define “Tertiary steroid dependency”.

A

Result from a high dosage or extended use of supplemental corticoidsteriods leaving decrease or ceasation of naturally occurring steriods.

26
Q

What are the 2 main causes of adrenal crisis?

A
  • The body can’t meet the new demand for cortisol
  • ceasation of high dose corticoidsteriods.
  • Overall lack of steroid production
27
Q

What are the 3 common concerning symptoms in adrenal crisis?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Flu like symptoms
28
Q

How quickly does a PT deteriorate when in adrenal crisis?

A

1st hour - unwell
2nd hour - increasingly unwell
3rd hour - critically unwell

29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of adrenal crisis?

A

AAP Upskill (28 decks)

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