Respiratory Conditions Flashcards
Why may a anaemic PT have a reduced ability to carry O2?
- Less red blood cells, less cells available to carry oxygen
What key things need to be asked when being presented with a primary respiratory patient?
- Severity of breathlessness
- Impact on normal activities
- Associated symptoms
What may frothy white/ pink sputum indicate?
? Acute heart failure
What may green/yellow phlegm indicate?
?chest infection
What would haemoptysis suggest?
?Pe
What are the two types of COPD?
- Emphysema
- Bronchitis
What should be considered if attending a brittle asthma?
SPCC - for magnesium
What are the common pulmonary causes of Dyspnoea?
- Ashtma,
- COPD
- Pneumonia
- Airway obstruction
- Pneumothorax
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Pleural effusion
What are the common cardiac causes of Dyspnoea?
- Acute MI
- Heart failure
- Cardiac temponade
- Arrthymia
- Pericarditis
- Ischemic heart disease
- Valvular dysfuncion
What are the common exacerbating factors of asthma?
- Allergies
- Infection
- Occupational exposure
- Drugs/Medication
- Irritant gasses
- Stress
- Cold Air
- Exercise
Why should NSAIDS be given to asthmatics?
They may induce bronchospasam
Define “Asthma”.
Periodic reversible episodes of severe bronchial obstruction due to hypersensitive or hyper responsive airway.
What may occur if the pt is unable to get full expiration?
- Unable to expire CO2,
- Leading to CO2 retention and acidosis.
What 3 factors cause a wheeze?
- inflammation of the airway musca
- Constriction of the smooth muscle
- Increased secretion off sputum
What are the levels of severity for an asthmatic patient?
Near fatal, Life threatening, Severe and Mild
What is a patient with near fatal pressure likely to require?
- Manual ventilation
- Increased ventilation pressures
What features indicate life threatening asthma?
- Altered level of consiousness
- Hypotension
- Silent chest
- PEF <33
- Exhaustion
- Cyanosis
- poor respiratory effort
- SPO2 <92
- normal PaCO2 (4.6-6)
What are the signs of acute Asthma in adults?
- PEF 22-50% of expected
- RR >25
- SPO2 >92%
- HR >110
What differing signs of a moderate asthma attack in an adult?
- An ability to speak in full sentences
- Increased Dyspnoea and wheeze
- PR < 140
In a severe asthma attack, what would you expect the HR and RR to be in a child under 12?
RR - >30
HR - >125
In a severe asthma attack, what would you expect the HR and RR to be in a child aged between 1-4
RR - >40
HR - >140
What is the expected peak flow of an adult suffering with mild Asthma?
- > 75%
What are the 2 types of COPD?
- Emphysema
- Bronchitis
What is Bronchitis?
- Excess inflammation and mucus build up in the alveoli
What is Emphysema?
Break down of the alveoli membranes, reducing gaseous exchange into the capillaries
What is the purpose of Celia?
Hairs along he linings to trap mucus and move it out of the lungs
What is the primary cause of mucus build up in a PT with Bronchitis?
The celia break down meaning less mucus is being moved out the lungs
There is n increase in goblet cells, which produce excess mucus.
What are the common features in an exacerbation of COPD?
- Increased dyspnoea
- increased sputum production
- increased cough frequency
- Increased wheeze
- Acute confusion
- chest tightness
- Fluid retention
- Increased fatigue
What are the recognition features of a patient with a severe exacerbation of COPD?
- Marked Dyspnoea
- Tachycardia
- Pursed lip breathing
- Peripheral oedema
- Use of accessory mucles
- Acute confusion
- Cynaosis
In left sided heart failure, where would you expect fluid build up?
In the lungs
In Right sided heart failure, where would you expect fluid build u?
In the peripheries
What are the common risk factors for developing a PE?
- Air travel
- IV drug users
- Pregnancy
- Contraceptive pills
- History of DVT
Define “Pulmonary embolism”.
A Blood borne subsance, which reduces or obstructs blood flow through the pulmonary vessels.
What symptoms might suggest a PE?
- Dyspnoea
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Pin point chest pain
- Cough
- Syncope
- Haemoptysis
What observations may support of WI of a PE?
- Tachypneoea (>20)
- Tachycardia (>100)
- Low SPO2 (92% on room air)
What score may be used to identify someones risk of a PE?
Wells score
Define “Pneaumonia”
An infection of the terminal broncheoles and alveoli
Define “Consolidation”
When Inflamation and oedema cause the alveoli to fill with fluid and red blood cells.
What are the signs and symptoms of a pneumonia?
- Dyspoea
- Fever
- Muscle or joint pain
- Cough
- Plurtitic chest pain
Define “Pneumothorax”.
The presence of air in the pleural cavity separating the plural membranes.
What are the different types of pneumothorax?
- Spontaneous
- Traumatic
- Atelectasis
- Open
- Tenson
What are the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax?
- Dyspnoea
- Chest Pain
- Reduced breath sounds
- Hyper-resonant percusion
- Jugular vein distension
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Cyanosis
Define “Hyperventilation syndome”
A rate of ventilation exceeding metabolic needs and higher than that required to maintain normal plasma CO2 levels
