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AAP Upskill > Respiratory Conditions > Flashcards

Respiratory Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Why may a anaemic PT have a reduced ability to carry O2?

A
  • Less red blood cells, less cells available to carry oxygen
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2
Q

What key things need to be asked when being presented with a primary respiratory patient?

A
  • Severity of breathlessness
  • Impact on normal activities
  • Associated symptoms
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3
Q

What may frothy white/ pink sputum indicate?

A

? Acute heart failure

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4
Q

What may green/yellow phlegm indicate?

A

?chest infection

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5
Q

What would haemoptysis suggest?

A

?Pe

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6
Q

What are the two types of COPD?

A
  • Emphysema
  • Bronchitis
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7
Q

What should be considered if attending a brittle asthma?

A

SPCC - for magnesium

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8
Q

What are the common pulmonary causes of Dyspnoea?

A
  • Ashtma,
  • COPD
  • Pneumonia
  • Airway obstruction
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Pleural effusion
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9
Q

What are the common cardiac causes of Dyspnoea?

A
  • Acute MI
  • Heart failure
  • Cardiac temponade
  • Arrthymia
  • Pericarditis
  • Ischemic heart disease
  • Valvular dysfuncion
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10
Q

What are the common exacerbating factors of asthma?

A
  • Allergies
  • Infection
  • Occupational exposure
  • Drugs/Medication
  • Irritant gasses
  • Stress
  • Cold Air
  • Exercise
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11
Q

Why should NSAIDS be given to asthmatics?

A

They may induce bronchospasam

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12
Q

Define “Asthma”.

A

Periodic reversible episodes of severe bronchial obstruction due to hypersensitive or hyper responsive airway.

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13
Q

What may occur if the pt is unable to get full expiration?

A
  • Unable to expire CO2,
  • Leading to CO2 retention and acidosis.
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14
Q

What 3 factors cause a wheeze?

A
  1. inflammation of the airway musca
  2. Constriction of the smooth muscle
  3. Increased secretion off sputum
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15
Q

What are the levels of severity for an asthmatic patient?

A

Near fatal, Life threatening, Severe and Mild

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16
Q

What is a patient with near fatal pressure likely to require?

A
  • Manual ventilation
  • Increased ventilation pressures
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17
Q

What features indicate life threatening asthma?

A
  • Altered level of consiousness
  • Hypotension
  • Silent chest
  • PEF <33
  • Exhaustion
  • Cyanosis
  • poor respiratory effort
  • SPO2 <92
  • normal PaCO2 (4.6-6)
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18
Q

What are the signs of acute Asthma in adults?

A
  • PEF 22-50% of expected
  • RR >25
  • SPO2 >92%
  • HR >110
19
Q

What differing signs of a moderate asthma attack in an adult?

A
  • An ability to speak in full sentences
  • Increased Dyspnoea and wheeze
  • PR < 140
20
Q

In a severe asthma attack, what would you expect the HR and RR to be in a child under 12?

A

RR - >30
HR - >125

21
Q

In a severe asthma attack, what would you expect the HR and RR to be in a child aged between 1-4

A

RR - >40
HR - >140

22
Q

What is the expected peak flow of an adult suffering with mild Asthma?

A
  • > 75%
23
Q

What are the 2 types of COPD?

A
  • Emphysema
  • Bronchitis
24
Q

What is Bronchitis?

A
  • Excess inflammation and mucus build up in the alveoli
25
Q

What is Emphysema?

A

Break down of the alveoli membranes, reducing gaseous exchange into the capillaries

26
Q

What is the purpose of Celia?

A

Hairs along he linings to trap mucus and move it out of the lungs

27
Q

What is the primary cause of mucus build up in a PT with Bronchitis?

A

The celia break down meaning less mucus is being moved out the lungs
There is n increase in goblet cells, which produce excess mucus.

28
Q

What are the common features in an exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Increased dyspnoea
  • increased sputum production
  • increased cough frequency
  • Increased wheeze
  • Acute confusion
  • chest tightness
  • Fluid retention
  • Increased fatigue
29
Q

What are the recognition features of a patient with a severe exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Marked Dyspnoea
  • Tachycardia
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Use of accessory mucles
  • Acute confusion
  • Cynaosis
30
Q

In left sided heart failure, where would you expect fluid build up?

A

In the lungs

31
Q

In Right sided heart failure, where would you expect fluid build u?

A

In the peripheries

32
Q

What are the common risk factors for developing a PE?

A
  • Air travel
  • IV drug users
  • Pregnancy
  • Contraceptive pills
  • History of DVT
33
Q

Define “Pulmonary embolism”.

A

A Blood borne subsance, which reduces or obstructs blood flow through the pulmonary vessels.

34
Q

What symptoms might suggest a PE?

A
  • Dyspnoea
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • Pin point chest pain
  • Cough
  • Syncope
  • Haemoptysis
35
Q

What observations may support of WI of a PE?

A
  • Tachypneoea (>20)
  • Tachycardia (>100)
  • Low SPO2 (92% on room air)
36
Q

What score may be used to identify someones risk of a PE?

A

Wells score

37
Q

Define “Pneaumonia”

A

An infection of the terminal broncheoles and alveoli

38
Q

Define “Consolidation”

A

When Inflamation and oedema cause the alveoli to fill with fluid and red blood cells.

39
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a pneumonia?

A
  • Dyspoea
  • Fever
  • Muscle or joint pain
  • Cough
  • Plurtitic chest pain
40
Q

Define “Pneumothorax”.

A

The presence of air in the pleural cavity separating the plural membranes.

41
Q

What are the different types of pneumothorax?

A
  • Spontaneous
  • Traumatic
  • Atelectasis
  • Open
  • Tenson
42
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax?

A
  • Dyspnoea
  • Chest Pain
  • Reduced breath sounds
  • Hyper-resonant percusion
  • Jugular vein distension
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Cyanosis
43
Q

Define “Hyperventilation syndome”

A

A rate of ventilation exceeding metabolic needs and higher than that required to maintain normal plasma CO2 levels

AAP Upskill (28 decks)

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