Digestive system A and P Flashcards
Where does the digestive system start?
- At the month
Define “Peristalsis”.
The rhythmic disentesion. an contraction of muscle to push food toward the stomach.
What are the 6 functions of the digestive system?
- Ingestion
- Secretion
- Mixing and Propulsion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Defecation
What does the digestive tract consist of?
- Mouth
- Oropharynx
- Oesophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Rectum and anal canal
What are the 3 accessory organs?
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Gall bladder
What 2 organs are 25cm long?
Oesophagus and duodenum
What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands found in the mouth?
- Parotid glands
- Sublingual glands
- Submandular glands
What is the purpose of the epiglotis ?
To prevent food from entering the trachea.
What is the length of the oesophagus?
25cm
What is the diameter of the oesophagus?
2cm
Where does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?
At T10
How many sphincter are found in the oesophagus?
2
What is the name and function of the upper most sphincter in the stomach?
- Cardiac sphincter, to prevent regurgitation into the oesophagus
What sphincter prevents the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine?
The pyloric sphincter
What is the end product of digestion in the stomach?
Chyme
How long does it take for food to pass through the stomach?
- 2 to 6 hours
What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunium
- ilium
How long is the small intestine?
6m
Where does bile go in the duodenum?
Into the pancreatic and live duct.
How long is the Jejunium?
2m
How long is the Ilium?
3m
Which section of the lower intestine has the highest absorption rates?
The ileum due to the presence of villi
Where in the small intestine does the most food breakdown occur?
In the jejunium
What are the sections of the large intesting?
- Cecum
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Disending colon
- Rectum
What are the functions of the colon?
- Secretions of mucus for mucus lubrication
- Absorption of water and vitamins
- Storage of indigestible foods
- Vit K and B complex production
- Deafication
What is the length of the rectum?
13cm
What is the length of the anal canal?
4cm
What is the largest visceral organ?
The liver
What is the rough weight of a liver?
1- 2.3 kg
What does the liver convert?
Glucose to glycogen
Amino acids to urea
What does the liver liver break down?
Fats and alcohol
What does the liver secrete?
Bile
What is stored in the liver?
Vitamins and iron
Where is the liver located?
In the epigastric region of the abdominal cavity
What is synthesised in the liver?
Vitamin A and Plasma proteins
What % of blood volume does the liver hold?
13%
Which organ receives all the blood from the stomach?
The liver
What is the rough weight of a pancreas?
60g
What is the rough size of a pancreas?
12-15cm
What is secreted by the pancreas?
- Pancreatic juice
- insulin
- Bile
- Glucagon
Where is the pancreas located?
- Posterior to the stomach
What is stored and secreted in the gal bladder?
- Bile
What is the average dimensions of a spleen?
12cm x 7cm
What is produced in the spleen?
White blood cells
What is broken down in the splee?
Red blood cells.
Why does the spleen store blood?
In the event of hypoxia or hypovalaemia
What volume of blood is stored by the spleen?
240ml
What is secreted by the adrenal glands?
- Hormones
- Adrenaline/ Noradrenaline
- Corticosteroids
What is the technical term for the outside of the adrenal glands?
The Cortex
What is the technical term for the inside of the adrenal glands?
The Medulla
What is the length of uretheters?
25cm - 30cm
What is the capacity of the bladder?
300ml
