Anaphylaxsis Flashcards
Define an “allergic reaction”.
When the body’s immune system over reacts to a substance.
What are anti-bodies produced by?
Immunoglobulin E
Define “Anaphylaxis”
A Severe, life threatening, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction.
What % of the population have allergies?
30%
What % of the population suffer from anaphylaxis?
2%
What are the 2 types of cells involved in anaphylaxis?
- Basophillls
- Mast cells
What is a Basophil?
A type of white blood cell which migrates to sites of immflamtion, and travel from capillaries to the tissue.
What is released by basophills?
- Heparin,
- Histamine
- Seratonin
What is a Mast cell?
Connective tissue cells prominent in tissues that are exposed to the outside world.
What does Calcium cause?
Cellular contractions
What hormone binds to mast and basophillls during the initial stages of anaphylaxis?
Immunogloblin E
What enzyme is activated during anaphylaxis?
Tyrosine Kinase
What is caused by Histamine?
- Vasodilation
- Increased vascular permeability
- Tachycardia
- Increased contraction
- Increased glandular secretion
What is caused by Prostaglandin D2?
- Bronchoconstriction
- Pulmonary and vasoconstriction
- Peripheral vascular dilation
What is caused by Leukotrienes?
- Bronchoconstrction
- Increased vascular permeability
- Release of platelet activating factor
- Increased vascular permeability
How long would you expect a reaction after an IV exposure?
Within minutes
How long would you expect a reaction after an oral intake of allergen?
Up to 30 minutes
What skin signs would you expect during anaphylaxis?
- Errythema
- Urticaria
- Angio oedema
What are the air way signs of anaphylaxis?
- Angio-oedema
- Wheeze
- Striddor
- Hoarse voice
What are the breathing signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?
- Dyspnoea
- Hypoxia
- Fatigue
- Cyanosis
- Bronchospasm
- Low SPO2
What are the circulatory symptoms of anaphylaxis?
- hypotension
- Tachycardia/ Bradycardia
- Poor pallor
- Dizziness
- Myocardial ischaemia
