Medication Flashcards
What are the 6 R’s of medication
- Right PT.
- Right Route.
- Right medication.
- Right time.
- Right Dose,
- Right to Decline
What are the contra-indications of Entonox?
- Chest injury or clinically suspected pneumothorax
- Severe head injuries with impaired LOC (possible presence of intercranial air)
- Decompression sickness
- Violently disturbed psychiatric patients
- inter-ocular injection within 8/52
- Abdominal pain where obstruction is suspected.
What are the indications for entonox?
Moderate to severe pain, labour pain.
What are the main 2 side effects of Entonox?
Nausea and vomiting,
What are the advantages of Entonox?
- Rapid acting with minimal side effects
- No cardio-respiratory depression
- 50% O2 is valuable in many medical and trauma conditions.
- Can be given whilst preparing other analgesics
How long does is take for Entonox to have its maximum effect?
5-10 minutes
What are the 2 delivery methods for Entonox?
1 Mouthpiece
2 Facemask
Define “Agonist”.
A substance that combines with a receptor ,and causes a change or reaction.
Define “Antagonist”.
A substance that stops or reduces a change/reaction.
Define “Affinity”.
The degree to witch a substance tends to combine.
Define “Efficacy”.
The ability to produce the intended result.
Define “Pharmocology”.
The study of the manner in which the function of living systems is affected by a chemical agent. Including mechanism, therapeutic benefits and the science of drugs.
Define “Pharmocokentics”.
What the body does to the drug. including how it is absorbed, transported, any changes it makes within the body and the elimination of the drug.
Define “Pharmocoodynamics”.
The way in which drugs affect their target sites in the body, producing both desired therapeutic effects and side effects.
Define “Thereputic benefit”
The desired effect of a drug.
Define “side effect”.
The undesired effect of a drug.
What are the 2 types of route of Drug administration?
Parental and non-parental
What is a Parental route
Where a drug is delivered by a physical breach of the skin or mucus membranes.
What is a non-parental route?
Where a drug is given in a way in which it can be absorbed passively.
What are the 3 main key pieces of legislation in drugs admin?
- Medicines act 1968
- Misuse of drugs act 1971
- The human medicines regulations 2012
What does the Medications act 1968 cover?
Testing, Licencing, lacking and identification of medications.
What are the 3 categories under the Medications act 1978?
GSL - General Sales list.
P - Pharmacy
POMS - Prescription only medications
What does the Misuse of drugs act 1971 cover?
Covers potentially dangerous or harmful drugs, that are risk of causing dependence or for misuse.
What are the 3 categories of drug under the misuse of medications act 1971?
Cat A-C
What does the Humann medications act cover?
It outlines at what time it is lawful to supply, possess, Import and export controlled drugs.
Outline the different schedules cover under the Human medications regulations 2012?
Schedule 1 - Drugs of no therapeutic value.
Schedule 2 - High substance abuse potential, possessed lawfully on a prescription.
Schedule 3 - Some substance abuse potential.
Schedule 4 - Lesser abuse potential, no safe custody requirements.
Schedule 5 - Little risk of physical or psychological dependence. No restrictions to import, export, possess or administer.
What does schedule 17 allow?
Certain Prescription only medications that can be administered parenatelly by paramedics.
What does schedule 19 cover?
Certian POM’s can be given by anyone in an emergency situation.
Define “Patient Specific direction”.
A written instruction, signed by a prescriber, to be prescribed and/or administered to a named patient.
What 5 medication specific things need to be checked prior to administration?
- Packaging intact?
- Inner packaging matches the outer packet
- Correct presentation
- in date?
- Clear/Free form of contents (Where appropriate)
What 3 places must an adverse reaction be documents?
- DATIX
- EPRF/ Patent record
- Yellow card reporting system
What are nebuliser used for?
Used to deliver aerosolised medication
What are the 5 stages of administering medication?
- Establish medication
- Gain patient consent
- Complete medication safety checks,
- Administer medication
- Correctly document medication.
When is an air driven nebulizer indicated?
- EX COPD requiring nebuliser mediction.
If no air driven nebuliser available, how would you adapt treatment for an EX COPD patient?
Give through O2 driven for 6 mins.
What are the contraindications for supplemental oxyygen?
- Explosive environment
What are the indications for oxygen?
- Paedtrics with significant illness
- Adults with moderate to to severe illness.
In order for supplemental oxygen to reverse Hypoxia, what else needs to be considered?
- Sufficient ventilation
- Adequate tissue perfusion
