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AAP Upskill > Abdominal pain and GI Bleeds > Flashcards

Abdominal pain and GI Bleeds Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of pain?

A
  • Localised
  • Referred
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2
Q

What is the normal width of the Aorta?

A

2cm

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3
Q

At what width does the Aorta get considered as a AAA?

A

3cm

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4
Q

What are the pain characteristics of triple A?

A
  • Sudden onset severe abdominal and back pain,
  • Renal colic type pin.
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5
Q

What are the associated symptoms of a triple A?

A
  • Collapse
  • Hypotension
  • Bilateral lower limb ischemia/ Moteling
  • History of smoking, Hypertension and high cholesterol
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6
Q

What is the average length of the Appendix?

A

5-10cm

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7
Q

Define “Appendicitis”.

A

Imflammation/ Swelling of the appendix, caused by a blockage.

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8
Q

What are the pain characteristics of Appendicitis?

A
  • A Constant pain that is increasing in intensity.
  • Starts in the peri-umbilicus area.
  • May settle into the lower left quadrant
  • May be exacerbated by walking
  • Rebound tenderness in the iliac fossa
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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis?

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Constipation/ Diarrhoea
  • Pyrexia
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10
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Where a fertilised egg implants itself in the fallopian tube.

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11
Q

What are the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

A
  • Smoking
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • Previous ectopic pregnancies
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12
Q

What are the associated symptoms of Ectopic pregnancy?

A
  • Missing periods
  • Nausea
  • History of pelvic inflammatory disease
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13
Q

What are the pain characteristics of an Ectopic pregancy?

A
  • Lower back and pelvic pain
  • May report shoulder tip pain
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14
Q

What is acute Cholecysistis?

A
  • Imflammation of the gal bladder.
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15
Q

What is a gallstone normally made of?

A

Calcium

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16
Q

What condition makes up 30% of ED admissions for acute abdo pain?

A

Acute Cholecysistis

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of pain for acute cholecysititis?

A
  • Sharp upper right quadrant pain
  • Right shoulder tip pain
  • Pain worsened by deep breathing and palpation
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18
Q

What are the associated symptoms of cholecysititis?

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Pyrexia
  • History of fat intolerance
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19
Q

What is acute pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

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20
Q

What are the pain characteristics of acute pancreatitis ?

A
  • Constant left upper quadrant pain
  • May radiate to the back
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21
Q

What are the associated symptoms of pancreatitis?

A
  • Abdominal tenderness
  • Hypotension
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Dehydration
  • Shock
  • History of gallstones and alcohol abuse
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22
Q

What physical features that cause Intestinal obstruction?

A
  • Tumour
  • Hernia
  • Twisting
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23
Q

What are the reasons that may cause poor function of the intestines?

A
  • ileus (Inability to contract)
  • Nervous system disorders (Parkinsons)
  • Certain medications
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24
Q

What are the negative impacts of intestinal obstruction?

A
  • Reduced flow, leads to obstruction
  • Increased pressure
  • Rupture at obstruction site
  • Contents empty into the abdominal cavity.
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25
Q

What are the associated symptoms of intestinal obstruction?

A
  • Severe bloating
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Constipation
  • Los of appetite
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26
Q

What are the symptoms of constipation?

A
  • Infrequent bowel activity
  • Foul smelling wind/ Stools
  • Irregular stool texture
  • Abdominal distension
  • Poor appetite
27
Q

What is “Diverticulitis”.

A

Caused by food/ contents getting caught in the Diverticuliti, leading to pain and infection

28
Q

What are the pain characteristics of Diverticulitis?

A
  • abdo pain in the lower left quadrant
29
Q

What are the associated symptoms of Diverticulitis?

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Bloating
  • altered bowel opening habit
  • Pyrexia
30
Q

What are the main causes of a peptic ulcer?

A
  • Pyloric infection
  • NSAID useage
31
Q

What are the pain characteristics of peptic ulcer?

A
  • Central burning abdominal pain
  • Back pain
  • In the event of perforation, may get epigastric abdominal pain.
32
Q

What are the associated symptoms of peptic ulcer?

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Heartburn
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
33
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

When the teste twists on the spermatic cord, reducing the blood flow to the teste.

34
Q

What are the pain characteristics of testicular torsion?

A
  • Lower abdominal and/or groin ain
35
Q

What are the associated symptoms of testicular torsion?

A
  • Swelling and tenderness in the scrotum
  • Nausea and vomiting
36
Q

What is a UTI?

A

A infection of the urinary tract, potentially back as far as the kidneys.

37
Q

What are the causes of UTI?

A
  • Blocked urinary tract
  • Bladder emptying issues
  • Urinary catheters
  • Weakened immune system
38
Q

What are the pain characteristics of a UTI?

A
  • Pain in the lower back or abdomen
  • Cramping
39
Q

What are the associated symptoms of UTI?

A
  • Pain/ Burning when passing
  • Increased frequency going to the toilet
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Cloudy/ bloody in urine
  • Pyrexia
  • Fatigue
40
Q

What are kidney stones?

A

Crystals that build up in the kidneys, and then passed in the urine.

41
Q

What are the pain characteristics of kidney stones?

A

Back pain (Ache) sometimes felt in the groin.
Periods of intense abdominal pain.

42
Q

What are the associated symptoms of kidney stones?

A
  • Feeling restless
  • Nausea
  • Increased frequency passing urine
  • Pain on urination
  • haematuria
43
Q

What is Gastritis?

A

inflammation of the stomach.

44
Q

What are the pain characteristics of Gastritis?

A
  • Upper abdominal pain
  • Cramping
  • Lower chest pin.
45
Q

What are the associated symptoms of Gastritis?

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Haematemasis
46
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation o the peritoneum (the sack around the abdominal cavity)

47
Q

What are the pain characteristics of Peritonitis?

A
  • Pain on coughing
48
Q

What are the associated symptoms of peritonitis?

A
  • Reduced abdominal muscle wall movement
  • Abdominal wall distension
49
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

50
Q

What are the pain characteristics of the Hepatitis?

A

Abdominal pain in the region

51
Q

What are the associated symptoms of Hepatitis?

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of appetite
  • Jaundice
  • Dark Urine
52
Q

What are the pain characteristics of Ischemic bowel?

A
  • Moderate to severe colic pain
  • Severe left iliac fossa pain
52
Q

What is Ischemic bowel?

A

A group of condition associated with reduced blood flow and potential infarction of intestines .

53
Q

What are the associated symptoms of Ischemic bowel?

A
  • PR bleeding
  • GI Symptoms
  • Signs of peritonitis
54
Q

What are the 2 major disturbances caused by infective diarrhoea?

A
  • Increased intestinal secretion of fluids and electrolytes predominantly in the small intestine.
  • Reduced absorption of fluid, electrolytes and nutrients
55
Q

What is Pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

A Bacterial infection that spreads from the vagina or cervix to the reproductive organs higher up.

56
Q

What are the Pain characteristics of PID?

A
  • Pain in the lower abdomen and pelvic region
  • Abnormal tenderness
57
Q

What are the associated symptoms of PID?

A
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Fever
  • Nausea
58
Q

What is Acieties?

A

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

59
Q

When assessing the abdomen what are you inspecting for?

A

Bruising, Marks, Scars, Swelling, Distension, rashes and masses.

60
Q

What is a Malory-wiess tear?

A

A bleed caused by a small tear in the lining of the upper gastro system.

61
Q

What are the common causes of lower GI bleeds?

A
  • Diverticulitis disease
  • Tumours
  • IBS
  • Haemorrhoids
62
Q

Define “Haematemasis”.

A

Dark red, black from the stomach.

63
Q

Define “Malaena”.

A

Black stool or red/dark blood clots from the rectum.

AAP Upskill (28 decks)

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