Cardiovascular system A and P Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of the cardio-vascular system?
- Heart
- Blood
- Vessles
What are the functions of the cardio-vascular system?
- Transport nutrients
- Removal of waste products
- hormonal control
- Regulation/Distribution of temperature
- Reproduction
- Host defence
What is the right side of the heart responsible for?
- Blood delivery to the lungs,
- Transport of deoxygenated blood
What is the left side of the heart responsible for?
- Transporting oxygenated blood around the body
Which type of blood vessels are high pressure?
Arteries, due to being narrower
What prevents backflow in the cardio-vascular system?
- Valves
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
- Pericardium
- myocardium
- Endocardium
What are the main arteries that supply blood to the heart?
- Right coronary
- Left main
- Left anterior descending
- Circumflex
When a PT presents with a Bundle branch block, what area of the heart is affected?
- Bundle of His, Branch refers to the bundle that is affected
What is the path of electrical activity within the heart?
- Sino-atrial node
- Atrial-Ventricular node
- Down the bundle of his
- Up the purkinjie fibers
Define “Stroke Volme”.
The volume of blood pumped from the heart with each ventricular contraction.
When someone presents with AF, what causes the removal of P wave?
- No electrical activity from the SAN
What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 18 and over?
51-100
What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 5-12?
80-120
What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 2-5?
95-140
What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 1-2?
110-150
What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged <1?
110-160
What is the average stroke volume for an adult?
70ml
What factors affect stroke volume
Preload + Contratility - After load
Define “Preload”.
Diastolic face, the ventricles filling with venous blood
Define “Contractility”.
Systolic ejection from the ventricles.
Define “after load”.
Resistance to systolic ejection, some blood left behind
Define “Cardiac output”.
The volume of blood pumped from the heart in a minute.
How do you calculate Cardiac output?
CO = Stroke volume x heart rate
Where are the baroreceptors that detect BP changes found?
In the aortic arch and the carotid sinus
What are the functions of blood?
- To Carry O2 and CO2
- To carry Nutrients and water
- To carry waste products
- To distribute heat
- To distribute glandular secretions
- To protect from infection
- To seal wounds
What % of blood is made up by plasma?
55%
What % of the blood is made up by haemocrit?
45%
What % of the blood is made up by White blood cells?
<1%
Where are red blood cells produced?
In the bone mrrow
How long does it take for red blood cells to form?
7 days
How long do red blood cells last for?
120 days
Which cells within blood do not contain nucleus?
- Red blood cells
- Platelets
Where are red blood cells destroyed?
The liver, spleen and bone marrow
What is the function of white blood cells?
- To fight infection
What is the life span of white blood cells?
Days - hours
What is the composition of plasma?
- 92% water
- 8% solutes
What is the purpose of thrombocytes?
Repair damage,
To release chemicals that promote clotting
Where are thrombocytes destroyed?
- Liver/Spleen
Which blood vessel type contains Valves?
Veins
What is the path of blood through the body?
Arteries - Arterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Veins
Define “Pulse Pressure”.
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Where can the adventitia found?
Outside of the blood vessle
What is BP maintained by?
- Cardiac output
- Peripheral resistance
- Blood volume
- Viscosity of the blood
- Elasticity of the blood vessels
At what value is essential hypertension considered in a non diabetic patient?
140/ 90
At what value is essential hypertension considered in a diabetic patient?
130/ 80
What may influence blood pressure?
- Pre load
- Myocardial contratility
- Blood vessel elasticity
- Nervous control
- Extremes of heart
- Hyperventilation during positive pressure ventilation
