THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:THE SMALL INTESTINE Flashcards
Name the 1 part of the small intestine
deudenum
Name the 2nd part of the small intestine
ileum
What happens when partially digested food from the stomach enters the duodenum?
the partially digested food from the stomach triggers the duodenum to produce HORMONES
What does the hormones in the duodenum do?
the hormones in the duodenum tell the pancreas to release digestive enzymes
What ELSE do hormones in the duodenum do?
the hormones in the duodenum tell the gallbladder to release bile
What do the secreted enzymes from the pancreas do in the duodenum?
They break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins
What enzymes are released from the pancreas into the duodenum?
lipase,amylase, protease(trypsisn)
What does the pancreas do?
secretes digestive enzymes through the pancreatic duct into duodenum
What does the liver do?
it produces bile
Where is bile stored?
bile is stored in the gall bladder
What is bile?
yellow-greenish alkaline fluid
What is the PH of bile?
PH 7
Explain 1 function of bile
Bile neutralises stomach acid to reduce damage to the SI
Explain a 2nd function of bile
Bile emulsifies fat, breaking it down to smaller pieces to increase the SA for enzymes
Explains a 3rd function of bile
Bile increases the PH for other enzymes to work
What is another thing that the liver does?
Produces mucus
how is mucus in the SI helpful?
It provides extra layer that can reduce damage to the lining of the SI
Why is bile a useful advantage for enzymes
Lipase needs more neutral conditions so the neutralising bile helps lipase to work in the SI
What does Lipase do?
Converts lipids—-) fatty acids + glycerol
How does the liver aid break down fats
the liver produces bile which emulsifies fat into smaller pieces
How does the gallbladder aid in the break down of fats?
It stores the bile to be used in the emulsification of fats
How does the pancreas aid in the breakdown of fats?
It secretes lipase enzymes into the duodenum
How does the SI aid in the breakdown of fats?
The SI is where fats are broken down
What is trypsin?
secreted in the pancreas into the duodenum
What does trypsin do?
breaks down proteins into peptides
What does protease enzymes in the SI do?
proteins-)amino acids
