THE COMPOSITION OF BLOOD Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the blood in the simplest definition?

A

a complex tissue flowing through the arteries and veins

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2
Q

Name all the components of the blood

A

Plasma, red blood cells(erythrocytes) , White blood cells (Lymphocytes and phagocytes), Platelets

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3
Q

What is the plasma?

A

Pale yellow,

*liquid part of the blood(mainly water) 55% of the blood

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4
Q

What is the role of the plasma?

A

carries the blood cells around the body,
dissolved nutrients(glucose , amino acids ext..), hormones, transport C02 and UREA(waste products)
distributes heat around the body

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5
Q

what are red blood cells?

A
made in bone marrow, short life span of 100 days
Contain HAEMOGLOBIN (red pigment, carries 02 from the lungs to the organs)
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6
Q

What are the adaptations of the RBC’s?

A

NO NUCLEUS: more room for haemoglobin=more 02 to be carried to the respiring cells

CONTAINS HAEMOGLOBIN:contains iron and binds easily to 02 to carry to respiring cells

BICONCAVE SHAPE: higher SA:V = faster diffusion of oxygen in and out

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7
Q

Which WBC engulfs the pathgon?

A

Phagocytes - engulf foreign bodies

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8
Q

Which WBC produces antibodies?

A

Lymphocytes-produce antibodies

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9
Q

What are White blood cells?

A

The bodies defence against disease, part of the immune system
Lymphocytes-produce antibodies 25%
Phagocytes - engulf foreign bodies 70%

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10
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

They destroy foreign substances e.g bacteria by ENGULFING them in a process called PHAGOCYTOSIS

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11
Q

Explain the process of PHAGOCYTOSIS

A
  1. The bacteria enters
  2. The phagocytes change their shape, producing extensions of their cytoplasm called PSEUDOPODIA
  3. The PSEUDOPODIA enclose the microbe in a vacuole
  4. Phagocytes secrets enzymes into the vacuole to break the microbe down
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12
Q

What is the function of the lymphocyte?

A

to produce antibodies( a type of soluble protein) and antitoxins to destroy foreign substances(bacteria/viruses)

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13
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

they produce chemicals called antibodies(protein) specific to particular pathogen antigens

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14
Q

How exactly do lymphocytes destroy foreign bodies?

A
  1. Clump the pathogens together allowing the phagocytes to engulf them more easily
  2. Put a label on the pathogen so it is easily recognised by the phagocytes
  3. After they are given labels the bacterial cells burst, destroying it
  4. Neutralises toxins produced by the pathogen. (antitoxins)
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15
Q

Which white blood cell has a large nucleus?

A

lymphocytes

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16
Q

Which white blood cell has a lobed nucleus?

A

Phagocytes

17
Q

What are platelets?

A

small, fragments of cells with no nucleus(made in the bone marrow),

18
Q

What do the platelets do in simple terms?

A

clots the blood

19
Q

Explain the role of the platelets in detail

A

If a cut is exposed to the air… the platelets and DAMAGED tissues are STIMULATED in producing a chemical…

This chemical,the SOLUBLE PLASMA PROTEIN FIBRINOGEN
—–) changes into the INsoluble fibre of another protein FIBRIN

The FIBRIN forms a MESH around the wound TRAPPING RBC’S-) FROM a clot which develops into a scab

20
Q

Why are blood clots made by the platelets important?

A

SCABS-)Protects the damaged tissue while the new skin grows

They prevent further blood loss and entry of pathogens