PATHOGENS

Question 1

What are pathagons?

Answer 1

Disease causing causing microorganism

Question 2

What is communicable diseases?

Answer 2

Spread through person to person

or animal to human

Question 3

Do all microorganisms cause disease?

Answer 3

Most don’t but the ones that do are called pathagons

Question 4

Name the several different types of pathogens

Answer 4

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protists

Question 5

Do bacteria eat food to survive?

Answer 5

no, they feed off other dead organisms many bacteria and fungi are decomposers

Question 6

What are decomposers?

Answer 6

recycle dead organisms and waste products into chemicals like nitrogen and CO2 which are then used by living plants/animals

Question 7

Name a bacteria used to make yogurt

Answer 7

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Question 8

Is a bacteria a living or dead cell?how?

Answer 8

living, e.g they can move towards nutrients and away from poisonous chemicals

Question 9

Are viruses living or dead?how?

Answer 9

dead, only way to reproduce is making more copies of themselves in living cells(parasitic)–) by taking over the hosts genetic machinery

Question 10

Give an example of an virus, what is it?

Answer 10

HIV, Which attacks the immune system itself,destroying white blood cells that help the body fight against the disease

Question 11

What is an example of a virus in plants?

Answer 11

Tabacco mosaic virus

Question 12

Describe the structure of a virus

Answer 12

composed of a core genetic material which can be DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

Sometimes a membrane called an ENVELOPE may surround the virus, stolen from the surface membrane of the host cell

Question 13

Name 3 types of fungi

Answer 13

mushrooms,and moulds - multi cellular

yeasts-unicellular

Question 14

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

Answer 14

chitin

Question 15

Describe the structure of a hyphae

Answer 15

a HYPHAE  (a thread like structure)
which penetrate the skin of humans and surface of plants to cause disease

Question 16

How do fungi spread?

Answer 16

spores

Question 17

Describe the structure of the fungi

Answer 17

Multi cellular fungi-such as MUCOR are organised into
MYCELIUM- (which is made from hyphae(contain
nucelus)

Question 18

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 18

eukaryotic (yeast single celled)

Question 19

Name a type of fungi infection

Answer 19

Athletes foot, (a rash) causes dry and flaky skin often found in swimming pools
transmitted by touching infected, contaminated surfaces
treated with anti fungal medication

Question 20

Name a fungi infection in plants

Answer 20

Rose Black Spot disease in plants

Question 21

Are protists prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Answer 21

eukarotic (single-celled) they have a nucleus

Question 22

How can protists enter an organism?

Answer 22

via a vector

Question 23

What is a vector?

Answer 23

something that carries the pathagon without getting the disease itself

Question 24

Give an example of a vector

Answer 24

malaria is caused by PROTISTS which are carried by mosquitos-)when it bites a human-)infects it by transferring the protists to the blood-) malaria is fatal as it effects the red blood cells and the liver

Question 25

WHAT IS TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS?

Answer 25

prevents the formation of chloroplast (no photosynthesis) causes discolouring in the leaves of tobaco plants

Question 26

What does the influenza virus cause?

Answer 26

The flu

Question 27

What does HIV cause?(HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS)

Answer 27

eventually causes aids

Question 28

Are protocists unicelllar?

Answer 28

both multi (seaweeds) and uni cellular(algae/amoeba/Chlorella)

Question 29

What are protoctists also referred to as?

Answer 29

The dusbin kingdom

Question 30

What are Protozoa?

Answer 30

(eukaryotic)Unicellular organisms that live in water/ damp places.

Question 31

What is an example of a protozoa?

Answer 31

Amoeba(eukaryotic)

Question 32

What type of protoctists photosythesis?

Answer 32

Algae

Question 33

Describe the structure of fungi?

Answer 33

Their bodies are organised into a mycelium made from thread like structures called hyphae (contain nuclei)

Question 34

How do fungi consume food?

Answer 34

A process called saprotrophic nutrition

Question 35

What is saprotrophic nutrition?

Answer 35

A type of FEEDING in which DIGESTIVE ENZYMES are SECRETED outside the cell onto the food MATERIAL followed by ABSORPTION of PRODUCTS

Question 36

What is a pathogenic example of a protocit?

Answer 36

plasmodium (parasite) causes malaria