SPECIALISED CELLS Flashcards

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1
Q

What do multi cellular organisms contain?

A

lots of different types of cells(cells with different structures)

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2
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

CELLS THAT HAVE DEVELOPED CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS TO PREFORM A PARTICULAR FUNCTION

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3
Q

What happens in sexual reproduction?

A

The nucleus of an egg FUSES with the nucleus of a sperm cell—-)to create a FERTILISED EGG—)then develops into an EMBRYO

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4
Q

What do the sperm cell and egg cell have before fertilisation?

A

both have half the number of chromosomes that’s in a normal BODY cell– so they are called ‘HAPLOID’

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5
Q

What is a haploid?

A

a sex cell (gamete) that contains one set of chromosomes

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6
Q

What happens to the sperm and eggs chromosomes during fertilisation?

A

the resulting cell will have the right number of chromosomes

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7
Q

What is the function of an egg cell?

A

To carry the female DNA

To nourish the developing embryo at the early stages

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8
Q

Name an adaption of an egg cell

A
  • -)After fertilisation, the eggs membrane changes structure—) so no more sperm can enter
  • –)this makes sure the offspring ends up W/ the right number of DNA
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9
Q

Name a second adaption of the eggs cell

A

contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo

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10
Q

Name a third adaptation of the egg cell

A

has a ‘HAPLOID NUCLEUS’

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11
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

to transport the male DNA to the female’s egg

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12
Q

Name 1 adaptation of the sperm cell?

A

The ACROSOME-at the front of the head

–)STORES enzymes NEEDED to DIGEST through the egg’s MEMBRANE

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13
Q

Name 2nd adaptation of the sperm cell?

A

middle section packed with mitochondria to RELEASE energy needed to SWIM and FERTILISE the egg

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14
Q

Name 3rd adaptation of the sperm cell?

A

Contains a ‘HAPLOID NUCLEUS’

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15
Q

Name 4th adaptation of the sperm cell?

A

long tail to swim

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16
Q

What cells are specialised for moving materials?

A

CILIATED EPITHELIAL CELLS

17
Q

Where are epithelial cells?

A

lines the surfaces of organs

some have cilia on the TOP SURFACE of the cell

18
Q

What are the function of the cilia on the top surface of the cilliated epithelial cells?

A

they beat to move substances in one direction along the surface of the tissue

19
Q

Give an example of the cilia ted epithelial cells

A

the lining of the airways
contains lots of cilia ted epithelial cells

—) to help move mucus and trapped particles from the air—)
up to the throat so it can be swallowed and
NOT reach lungs