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Phys, pharm > The circulatory system > Flashcards

The circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the circulatory system of a unicellular organism

A

Simple diffusion
Convection
Steep conc gradient for nutrient/waste exchange

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the circulation system?

A

Distribution of gases/molecules
(nutrition, growth and repair)

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3
Q

What are the secondary functions of the circulation system?

A

Fast chemical signalling
Dissipation of heat
Mediates inflammatory and host defences to microbes

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4
Q

What regulation is required in order to change circulatory demands?

A

Body position/inthoracic pressure
Rest (deceleration of hr)
Emotional stress
Digestion
Sleep/wake

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5
Q

What are the 3 main components of the circ system?

A
  1. Pump (heart)
  2. Fluid (blood)
  3. Containers (blood vessels)
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6
Q

Pathway of blood around the body (from left heart)

A

Left atrium -> left ventricle via mitral valve -> Aorta via aortic valve -> into various organ systems -> right atrium via vena cava -> right ventricle via tricuspid valve -> lungs via pulmonary artery -> left atrium via pulmonary vein

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7
Q

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?

A

The left side

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8
Q

What type of circulation is used by the left heart?

A

Systemic circulation

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9
Q

What type of circulation is used by the right heart?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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10
Q

Function of arteries

A

Distribution system (high pressure system)

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11
Q

Function of microcirculation

A

Diffusion and filtration

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12
Q

Function of veins

A

Collection system (reservoir)

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13
Q

Size of first order arteriole and venule

A

30 um

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14
Q

Size of fourth order arteriole and venule

A

5 um

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15
Q

Size of capillary

A

3 um

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16
Q

Is the combined cross-sectional area of the daughter vessels larger or smaller than the parent?

A

Larger

17
Q

Describe the structure of a vascular wall

A
  1. Endothelial cells
  2. Elastic fibres
  3. Collagen fibres
  4. Vascular smooth muscle cells
18
Q

Describe the structure of blood vessel walls

A
  1. Intima (tunica interna)
  2. Media (tunica media)
  3. Adventitia (tunica externa)
19
Q

Structure of a capillary wall

A

Tunica intima which rests on the basement membrane

20
Q

Specialisation of elastic arteries

A

High compliance
Enable vessels to cope with peak ejection
Recoil forces blood to move even when ventricles are relaxed

21
Q

Specialisation of muscular arteries

A

Greater vasoconstriction/vasodilation
SMC arranged circumferentially
Vascular tone (efficient flow)

22
Q

Specialisation of arterioles

A

Smooth muscle enables blood flow to capillary networks
Terminal regions
Precapillary sphincters (regulate blood flow to capillaries)

23
Q

Specialisation of venules

A

Porous
Thin smooth muscle layer
Thin walls for expansion (reservoirs)

24
Q

Specialisation of venules

A

Porous
Thin smooth muscle layer
Thin walls for expansion (reservoirs)

25
Q

Specialisation of veins

A

Elastic but distensible
‘Store’ blood
Large veins have valves to prevent backflow

26
Q

What can lead to varicose veins?

A

Defective and leaky valves in veins ->
Blackflow

27
Q

Functions of capillary exchange

A

Glomerular filtrate
Skin temperature regulation
Hormone delivery
Platelet deliver

28
Q

Structure of capillaries

A

Endothelial cells and basement membrane

29
Q

What are the 3 groups of capillaries from most-least leaky

A
  1. Continuous capillary
  2. Fenestrated capillary
  3. Sinusoidal (discontinuous) capillary
30
Q

What is oncotic pressure a result of?

A

Serum proteins (albumin)

31
Q

What is starling equation showing?

A

The fluid transfer across capillary walls due to a sum of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures

32
Q

What happens to Pc as it travels across the length of a capillary? Why?

A

Pc (capillary hydrostatic pressure) decreases along the length so filtration becomes absorption
Due to fluid filtration

33
Q

Function of the lymphatic system

A

Drains excess interstitial fluid in all organs but the brain
Maintenance of blood volume

34
Q

What vein is lymph returned to CVS via?

A

Subclavian veins

Phys, pharm (31 decks)

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