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Phys, pharm > Autonomic ns > Flashcards

Autonomic ns Flashcards

1
Q

Is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Largely outside the influence of voluntary control

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2
Q

Define autonomic

A

Self-governing

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3
Q

What are the effectors of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Glands

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4
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system receives info about?

A

The state of the body

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5
Q

What is the main function of the ans?

A

Maintaining homeostasis

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6
Q

Role of the sympathetic ns?

A

Fight or flight

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7
Q

When is the sympathetic ns activated?

A

Exercise
Excitement
Emergency
Embarassment

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8
Q

What causes the sympathetic ns to activate?

A

Coordinated whole body response or
Discrete and organ specific

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9
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic ns?

A

Rest and digest

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10
Q

When is the pns activated?

A

Digestion
Defecation
Diuresis

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11
Q

How is the pns activated?

A

Discrete organ specific manner

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12
Q

What happens to the eyes in sns?

A

Pupils dilate to see as much visual field as possible

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13
Q

What happens to the heart in sns?

A

Heart rate and contractility increases

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14
Q

What happens to blood vessels in sns?

A

Dilation leading to heart and muscles,
Constriction to digestive system,
Blood redirection (via coupled receptors)

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15
Q

What happens to the lungs in sns?

A

Widening of bronchioles and bronchi
Breathing rate increases

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16
Q

What happens to the liver in sns?

A

Regulation of glucose
Liver is stimulated to release more glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis

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17
Q

What are the discrete functions of the sns?

A

Reproductive systems cause a male and female orgasm

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18
Q

What happens to eyes in pns?

A

Pupil size decreases

19
Q

What happens to the heart in pns?

A

Heart rate and contractility (in the atria) decreases

20
Q

What happens to the GI tract in pns?

A

Increased secretion to aid digestion

21
Q

What happens to the bladder in pns?

A

Voluntary control with the cortical system contracts the bladder to force urine out

22
Q

What happens to reproductive organs in pns?

A

Maintenance of erection in males

23
Q

What happens to blood vessels in sns as signal rate increases?

A

The blood vessels constrict

24
Q

What happens to blood vessels in sns as signal rate decreases?

A

The blood vessel dilates

25
Q

What is the organisation of ans? What is the exception?

A

CNS ->
Peripheral ganglion ->
Target cell
Exception of adrenal medulla in sns

26
Q

What type of fibre is a preganglionic neuron?

A

Cholinergic fibres

27
Q

What is a cholinergic fibre?

A

A fibre that releases ACh as their primary neurotransmitter

28
Q

What does ACh activate?

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

29
Q

Where do short, cholinergic preganglionic neurons come from?

A

The thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

30
Q

What would the G-protein couple to on the heart?

A

Ga(s) and Gq for adrenergic receptors

31
Q

What is the sympathetic pathway?

A

Preganglionic fibre ->
Short cholinergic preganglionic neurons from t and l spinal cord ->
Long adrenergic postganglionic neurons ->
Target tissues express alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

32
Q

What is the adrenal medulla?

A

The adrenal gland on top of the kidney

33
Q

How is the adrenal medulla different to other pathways?

A

Chromaffin cells release mainly adrenaline
Target tissues express alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

34
Q

What is the parasympathetic pathway?

A

Long cholinergic preganglionic neurons from brainstem and sacral spinal cord ->
Short cholinergic postganglionic neurons ->
Target tissue expresses muscarinic ACh receptors

35
Q

What is cranial nerve 10?

A

Vagus nerve

36
Q

What % of parasympathetic flow does cranial nerve 10 outflow?

A

80%

37
Q

What are the 2 main components of ANS?

A

Spinal cord
Brainstem nuclei

37
Q

What are the 2 main components of ANS?

A

Spinal cord
Brainstem nuclei

38
Q

Role of the spinal cord

A

Mediates autonomic reflexes
Receives sensory afferent and brainstem input

39
Q

Role of the brainstem nuclei

A

Mediates autonomic reflexes

40
Q

What does the hypothalamus coordinate?

A

Feeding
Thermoregulation
Circadian rhythms
Water balance
Sexual drive
Reproduction

41
Q

How does the forebrain regulate ANS?

A

Cortical processes regulate output
e.g. anxiety and fear induce fight or flight

42
Q

How do visceral afferents regulate ANS?

A

Sensory input from visceral afferent neurons take priority
e.g. bladder distension

Phys, pharm (31 decks)

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