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Phys, pharm > Autonomic and endocrine system > Flashcards

Autonomic and endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What does acetylcholine and noradrenaline act on?

A

nAChRs
mAChRs
Alpha&Beta adrenoreceptors

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2
Q

What are the principal neurotransmitters in ANS?

A

Acetylcholine
Noradrenaline

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3
Q

Why are sweat glands the anomaly of the sympathetic system? (in regards to ACh and NA)

A

The sweat glands are the target of ACh whereas the blood vessels and adrenal medulla are the target of NA

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4
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

A

Postsynaptic in parasympathetic ganglion neurons and sweat glands

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5
Q

Which muscarinic receptors couple to Gq receptors?

A

M1
M3
M5

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6
Q

What is the effect of a Gq coupled to a muscarinic receptor?

A

Phospholipase C is increased ->
IP3 activates er receptors ->
Triggering release of Ca2+ into the cell ->
Causing secretion or contraction

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7
Q

Where are M1 receptors found?

A

Autonomic ganglia
Glands (salivary, lacrimal, gastric)
Cerebral cortex

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8
Q

Where are M3 receptors found?

A

Exocrine glands
Smooth muscle (GI tract, eye, airways, bladder)
Endothelium in blood vessels

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9
Q

Function of M3 receptor?

A

Regulates production of NO

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10
Q

Which muscarinic receptors are coupled to Gi?

A

M2
M4

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11
Q

What do M2&M4 receptors do?

A

Inhibit activity of adenylyl cyclase ->
Decrease the amount of cAMP ->
Causes an increase in GIRK ->
Decreases the opening of voltage gated calcium channels

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12
Q

Where are M2 receptors located?

A

Heart (atria)
CNS
Nodal tissue

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13
Q

Where are M4 receptors located?

A

CNS

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14
Q

Where are M5 receptors located?

A

CNS (substantia nigra)
Salivary glands
Iris/ciliary muscle

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15
Q

Functional response of M1?

A

Gastric secretion
CNS excitation

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16
Q

Functional response of M2?

A

Cardiac inhibition (decreased force of contraction in atria)
Neural inhibition
Central muscarinic effects

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17
Q

Functional response of M3 receptor?

A

Gastric, salivary secretion
Gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction
Ocular accommodation
Vasodilation

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18
Q

Functional response of M4 receptor?

A

Enhanced locomotion

19
Q

What happens to a cardiac action potential when ACh is applied?

A

Action potential will decrease and shorten
(contraction of atria is smaller)

20
Q

What is the effect of Muscarine? Which receptors are these a result of ?

A

Nausea
Lower blood pressure (decrease in cardiac output, M2, and increased NO production, M3,)
Increased saliva (M3)

21
Q

Name 2 clinical mAChR agonists

A

Cevimeline
Pilocarpine

22
Q

Use of Cevimeline

A

Improves salivary and lacrimal secretions in Sjogren’s syndrome

23
Q

Which receptor does Cevimeline act on?

A

M3

24
Q

Uses of Pilocarpine

A

Eye drops for glaucoma
reduce pressure on optic nerve by allowing drainage

25
Q

What receptor does pilocarpine act on?

A

Non-selective mAChR

26
Q

Name a muscarinic antagonist

A

Atropine

27
Q

Which receptor does atropine act on?

A

Non-selective mAChR

28
Q

Effects of Atropine

A

Inhibition of secretion
Smooth muscle relaxant
Pupillary dilation
Increase HR
Decrease GI motility, acid secretion
CNS agitation and disorientation
Increase in body temp

29
Q

What is the definition of cholinomimetic?

A

Drugs that act indirectly to enhance cholinergic transmission

30
Q

Clinical uses of Acetylcholinesterase

A

To reverse action of neuromuscular blocking drugs
Alzheimer’s disease
Glaucoma

31
Q

What does beta 1 adrenergic receptor affect?

A

Cardiovascular consequences

32
Q

What does beta 2 adrenergic receptor affect?

A

The lungs
Used therapeutically to treat asthma

33
Q

What is released by sympathetic neurons in the heart?

A

Noradrenaline

34
Q

What is released by chromaffin cells in the heart?

A

Adrenaline

35
Q

What is the effect of NA and A in the heart?

A

Increased voltage gated calcium channel opening time ->
Increase in calcium in cardiac muscle cells ->
Increase contraction

36
Q

Name a bronchodilator

A

Salbutamol

37
Q

What receptor does salbutamol act on?

A

B2

38
Q

Is salbutamol and agonist or antagonist?

A

Agonist

39
Q

What is a sympathomimetic drug?

A

A drug that mimics the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

40
Q

Example of a sympathomimetic drug

A

Amphetamine
Catecholamine

41
Q

Mechanism of sympathomimetic drugs

A

Competes with NA for space in the vesicles
Exocytosis is not involved

42
Q

Drug for hypertension. Receptor it acts on

A

Prazosin
A1

43
Q

Drug for heart failure. Receptor it acts on

A

Carvedilol
(A&B)

44
Q

Drug for somatic symptoms of anxiety. Receptor it acts on.

A

Propanolol
(B1 & B2)

Phys, pharm (31 decks)

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