Renal anatomy + disease

Question 1

What % of the body weight is water?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

What fluids make up ecf?

Answer 2

Transcellular (cerebrospinal)
Plasma
Interstitial

Question 3

What % of water is stored as intracellular fluid?

Answer 3

62%

Question 4

Describe the cation concentrations in icf and ecf.

Answer 4

High intra K+
High extra Na+

Question 5

Describe anion conc in ecf

Answer 5

High Cl-

Question 6

What does the conc of Na+ in the plasma membrane set?

Answer 6

The effective circulating volume

Question 7

How is water and Na+ lost from the body?

Answer 7

Urine
Respiration
Stool
Sweat

Question 8

Where is the kidney located?

Answer 8

Between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar

Question 9

Where is the adrenal gland located?

Answer 9

On the top of the kidney

Question 10

Explain renal agenesis

Answer 10

Absence of 1 or both kidneys
Foetuses often spontaneously abort
1 in 2500 foetuses

Question 11

Explain ectopic kidney

Answer 11

The kidney is located in a different position in the body than normal
Causes damage and stones
1 in 800

Question 12

Explain horseshoe kidney

Answer 12

Kidneys are fused together across the midline
Leads to increase risk of kidney stones
1 in 1000

Question 13

Describe the anotmomical layers of the kidney

Answer 13

Capsule
Cortex
Medulla ray
Ureter

Question 14

Function of the capsule

Answer 14

Fibrous layer for support and protection

Question 15

Function of the medulla ray

Answer 15

Striations, associated with the blood vessels in the kidney

Question 16

Function of the ureter

Answer 16

Urine in tubular structures drains into pelvic regions and the ureter

Question 17

What is the nephron?

Answer 17

The functional unit of the kidney where urine is produced

Question 18

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 18

A capillary bed in the kidney

Question 19

Describe how filtrate moves through the kidney

Answer 19

Moves out of the glomerulus into the bowmans capsule ->
Ultrafiltrate moves into the bowmans capsule to the loop of Henle ->
Goes into the distal tubule and into the collecting duct

Question 20

Name the 2 types of nephron

Answer 20

Superficial nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron