Renal anatomy + disease Flashcards
What % of the body weight is water?
60%
What fluids make up ecf?
Transcellular (cerebrospinal)
Plasma
Interstitial
What % of water is stored as intracellular fluid?
62%
Describe the cation concentrations in icf and ecf.
High intra K+
High extra Na+
Describe anion conc in ecf
High Cl-
What does the conc of Na+ in the plasma membrane set?
The effective circulating volume
How is water and Na+ lost from the body?
Urine
Respiration
Stool
Sweat
Where is the kidney located?
Between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar
Where is the adrenal gland located?
On the top of the kidney
Explain renal agenesis
Absence of 1 or both kidneys
Foetuses often spontaneously abort
1 in 2500 foetuses
Explain ectopic kidney
The kidney is located in a different position in the body than normal
Causes damage and stones
1 in 800
Explain horseshoe kidney
Kidneys are fused together across the midline
Leads to increase risk of kidney stones
1 in 1000
Describe the anotmomical layers of the kidney
Capsule
Cortex
Medulla ray
Ureter
Function of the capsule
Fibrous layer for support and protection
Function of the medulla ray
Striations, associated with the blood vessels in the kidney
Function of the ureter
Urine in tubular structures drains into pelvic regions and the ureter
What is the nephron?
The functional unit of the kidney where urine is produced
What is the glomerulus?
A capillary bed in the kidney
Describe how filtrate moves through the kidney
Moves out of the glomerulus into the bowmans capsule ->
Ultrafiltrate moves into the bowmans capsule to the loop of Henle ->
Goes into the distal tubule and into the collecting duct
Name the 2 types of nephron
Superficial nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron
