Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > The Circulatory / Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Circulatory / Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of Circulation System?

A
  • Open Circulation Systems

- Closed Circulation Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Open Circulation System?

A

The heart pumps blood into vessels that are open-ended (eg in Insects).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a closed Circulation System?

A

Blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels (eg in Humans).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some advantages of a Closed Circulation System?

A
  • Blood can be pumped faster

- Blood flow rate to different organs can be changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main parts of Human Circulation System?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood Vessels
  • Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 5 sub-sections of the main parts?

A
  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Viens
  • Venules
  • Capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do Arterioles do?

A

Arterioles connect Arteries and Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do Venuoles do?

A

Venuoles connect Veins and Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do Capillaries have thin walls?

A

They have thin walls for easy exchange of materials between cells (O2/CO2).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do valves prevent?

A

Back flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the heart located in the body?

A

It is located between the lungs, slightly to the left side of the thorax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

To pump blood around the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the structure of the heart?

A

A hollow structure made of cardiac muscle, surrounded by a double membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s different between cardiac muscle and other muscles?

A

Cardiac muscle doesn’t tire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the systemic circulation system in humans?

A

The heart pumps blood to the head, trunk and limbs of the body and back to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pulmonary circulation system in humans?

A

The heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are two advantages of a double circulatory system?

A
  • Separation of oxygenation and de-oxygenated blood.

- Blood pressure can be kept high.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the average blood pressure in the human body?

A

120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of the Tricuspid valve?

A

The Tricuspid valve prevents backflow from the right atrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the role of the Bicuspid valve?

A

The Bicuspid valve prevents backflow from the left atrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the role of the semi-lunar valve?

A

The semi-lunar valve prevents backflow into the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is blood supplied to the heart walls?

A

Coronary arteries branch from the aorta just above the semi-lunar valves at the aorta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is blood drained from the heart walls?

A

Blood is drained from the heart wall into the right atrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does the heart beat?

A

The heart beats from an alternate contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the heart beat controlled by? and how is it controlled?
The heartbeat is controlled by the pacemaker in the right atrium. It sends an electrical signal to the cardiac muscle.
26
What is a pulse?
A pulse is the alternate expansion and contraction of the arteries.
27
Explain how a pulse works.
A wave of expansion passes down the walls of arteries following a contraction of the left ventricle. The elastic fibres in the arteries wall then bring about a contraction of the artery wall.
28
What is the average pulse rate for humans?
72 BPM
29
What is blood pressure?
Blood pressure is pressure in the arteries due to contraction of the ventricles which forces blood into the arteries.
30
What happened t the blood pressure when blood passes from arteries to veins?
The pressure drops.
31
How does an instrument work to get blood pressure? (Band around your arm for recording BP)
Blood pressure is measured with an instrument that records the pressure it takes to stop blood flow in an artery of the upper arm.
32
What is an effect of smoking on the circulatory system?
- Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure. - CO2 reduces the amount of O2 carried by the blood. - Other chemicals in tobacco are harmful to the heart.
33
What is an effect of diet on the circulation system?
- A high intake of fat can cause a buildup of cholesterol. | - High salt intake increases water in your blood and therefore makes it harder to pump.
34
What is an effect of exercise on a persons circulatory system?
- Exercise can strengthen the heart. | - Exercise can increase our ability to transport oxygen.
35
What are two factors that could increase heart rate?
- Exercise | - Stress
36
What are the two factors that could decrease heart rate?
- Sleep | - Alcohol
37
How is the heart rate controlled?
- The SA Node emits an electrical signal. - The atria contracts. - Signal is picked up by the AV Node. - The AV Node sends a signal to the ventricles. - The ventricles contacts.
38
What is contraction of the heart muscle called?
Systole
39
What is the relaxation of the heart muscle called?
Diastole
40
What is the lymphatic system?
A secondary transport system consisting of a one-way system of blood vessels that collects and returns excess fissure fluid to the blood system.
41
What is the lymphatic system consisted of?
- Lymphatic vessels - Lymphatic nodes - Lymph
42
How does the lymphatic system help to fight infection? (3 ways)
- It filters micro-organisms in the lymph nodes. - It destroys micro-organisms by antibody production. - It matures and stores lymphocytes.
43
What does the lymphatic system do with the intestine?
The lymphatic system transports digested fat away from the intestine.
44
What is the role of plasma in the blood?
It acts as a transport medium for cells and dissolved substances because it is composed of mainly water.
45
What is the role of Red Blood Cells (RBC's) in the blood?
They carry oxygen.
46
What is the role of White Blood Cells (WBC's) in the blood?
They fight infection.
47
What is the role of platelets in the blood?
The enable clotting to happen.
48
What are the digestion products in which the plasma transports? (Name 3)
- Glucose - Amino acids - Fatty acids - Glycerol - Minerals - Vitamins
49
What are the waste products in which the plasma transports? (Name both)
- Carbon dioxide | - Urea
50
What is the hormone in which the plasma transports?
Insulin
51
What is the type of product in which the plasma transports?
Antibodies
52
What is Rhesus factor?
It's another blood grouping system in which the RBC's contain an antigen called "Factor D".
53
Why is Rhesus factor important in pregnancies?
Problems may arise in the second and further pregnancies if the bother is Rh- and the baby is Rh+.
54
What is the shape of a RBC?
Biconcave disc (for larger surface area).
55
What are two products that the RBC does not contain?
- No Nucleus | - No Mitochondria
56
Why do RBC's contain haemoglobin?
Because it has a high affinity for oxygen.
57
Where are RBC's made?
They are made in the bone marrow of the ribs and sternum.
58
Do WBC's contain a nucleus?
Yes
59
Do WBC's have a defined shape?
No
60
Where are WBC's formed and where do they mature?
They are formed in the bone marrow and they mature in the spleen.
61
What is the role of WBC's?
To protect against disease.
62
What are the two types of WBC's? and what do they do?
- Lymphocytes — Produces Antibodies | - Monocytes — Engulfs Micro-organisms
63
What are platelets made of?
They are made of cell fragments.
64
Do platelets have a nucleus?
No
65
Where are platelets made?
In bone marrow.
66
What is the function of platelets?
Their function is clotting.
67
How are Fatty acids and Glycerol absorbed by he lymphatic system?
Fatty Acids and Glycerol are absorbed from the small intestine into the lymphatic system for transport to the liver.
68
How are Glucose, Amino acids, vitamins, minerals absorbed by he lymphatic system?
Glucose, Amino acids, vitamins and minerals pass into the blood capillaries.
69
How do nutrients get transported to the liver?
The hepatic portal vein transports the nutrients to the liver.
70
What are villi?
They are the infolding of the lining of the small intestin.
71
What is the function of the Villi?
They increase the surface area for absorption of digested food.
72
What products are absorbed by the lacteal in the villi?
Fatty Acids and Glycerol.
73
How do nutrients get from the intestine to the liver? And which nutrients can get transported?
The hepatic portal vein connects the small intestine to the liver transporting Glucose, Amino Acids, Minerals and Vitamins.
74
What are the four functions of the liver?
- To make bile - To store glycogen - To break down toxins - To store vitamins A, D, K.

Biology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions