Structure / Response / Transport Of A Flowering Plant + Vegetative propagation Flashcards
What are the six things that a flowering plant has?
- Vascular structures
- Roots
- Stems
- Leaves
- Flowering
- Fruits and seeds
What is a meristem?
It is the area of active cell divisions.
Where are apical meristems found? And what does it give the plant?
They are found at the tip of shoots and the tip of the root and gives the plant an increase in vertical length.
Where are lateral meristems found? And what do they give the plant?
They are found around the edges of plants and gives the plant an increase in width.
Give two functions of roots.
To:
- Anchor.
- Absorb water and minerals.
- Transport absorbed minerals to shoot.
- Store food.
What are the two types of roots and what are the differences between them?
- Tap roots – one main root growing from the radical (for example, carrots).
- Fiberous roots – many equal sized roots arising from the stem base (for example, grass).
What are two functions of stems?
To:
- Support the aerial part of the plant.
- Transport water and minerals from the root to leaf.
- Transport food from the root to leaf.
- Sometimes stores food.
What are the four functions of the leaf?
- Photosynthesis
- Transpiration
- Gas exchange
- Sometimes stores food
What are two vascular tissues found in plants and what do they do?
- Xylem – transports minerals and water.
- Phloem – transports food.
Describe the structure of xylem tracheids.
They are long cells that are tapered at the ends and has pits to allow for water and minerals to move through the cells sideways.
What are the xylem’s tracheid walls thickened by and why?
The walls are thickened with lignin for support.
Describe the structure of xylem vessels.
They have elongated cells and spiral lignin for support, with pits that allows sideways movement of water.
What is the difference between the vascular bundles between monocots and dicots?
- Monocots have vascular bundles which are scattered in the stem.
- Dicots have vascular bundles which are in a ring pattern.
How many flower petals do monocots and dicots have?
- Monocots have 3 flower petals.
- Dicots have 4 or 5 flower petals.
Are monocots more likely to be woody or herbaceous?
Monocots are more likely to be herbaceous.
Are dicots more likely to be woody or herbaceous?
Dicots can either be woody or herbaceous.
What’s the difference between the leaf venation between monocots and dicots?
- Monocots have parallel leaf venation.
- Dicots have netted leaf venation.
What are the two ways in which plant adapt to protect themselves?
- Structural - thorns
- Chemical - tannins make plants indigestible.
What is the most important adaptation that plants have?
Plants can grow and regenerate through their life, they can produce new roots, stems and leaves.
Where do plants absorb the most water and where do they lose the most water?
Plants absorb most of their water through their roots and they lose most of their water through their leaves.
What is the evaporation of water from leaves and stems known as?
It is known as transpiration.
What is dermal tissue?
The dermal tissue forms and protects the surfaces of the plant.
What covers the the cell wall and what is it called?
The cell wall is covered by a wax coat called the cuticle.
What does the cuticle do?
The cuticle cuts down on water loss from the cell and acts as a barrier to attacks from germs or insects.
What is ground tissue?
Ground tissue is photosynthetic, with large air spaces between the cells, to allow for rapid diffusion of gases.
Why does the epidermis of plant stem and leaves have holes in them? and what are these called?
The epidermis of stems and leaves have holes called stomata for gas exchange.
