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Biology > Scientific Method > Flashcards

Scientific Method Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

Scientific method is the logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.

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2
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A
  • Observation
  • Question
  • Hypothesis
  • Experiment
  • Collection of data
  • Conclusion
  • Publish findings in a scientific journal
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3
Q

Where do experiments get published once reaching conclusion?

A

The Scientific Journal

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4
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

An educated guess based on observations.

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5
Q

What are the limitations of the scientific method?

A
  • Is limited by the extend of our basic knowledge
  • It is limited by our ability to interpret the results
  • Changes in the natural world
  • Accidental discoveries
  • The basis of investigation
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6
Q

What is an observation?

A

An observation is the process of gathering information about an event.

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7
Q

What is an experiment?

A

A set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis.

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8
Q

What is data?

A

Data is a recorded observation of an event.

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9
Q

What is a conclusion?

A

A conclusion is a summary of the results of an experiment.

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10
Q

What is biology?

A

Biology is the study of the living things.

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11
Q

What are the three areas of study incorporated in biology?

A
  • Botany
  • Zoology
  • Microbiology
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12
Q

What is a theory?

A

A theory is a hypothesis that has been supported by many experiments.

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13
Q

What is a principle / law?

A

A principle / law arises from a theory that has been showed to be valid when fully tested over a long period of time.

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14
Q

What is a variable?

A

A variable is any factor in an experiment that can be changed or tested.

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15
Q

What is a control?

A

A control is used to provide a comparison against experiment when being judged.

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16
Q

What is science?

A

It is the study of physical, material and living things.

17
Q

What is a replicate?

A

A replicate is when an experiment is completed again.

18
Q

What does ethics refer to in the context of science?

A

Ethics in science refers to whether issues are right or wrong.

19
Q

Good Experiments are carried out with…

A
  • Careful planning and design
  • Safe procedures
  • An established control
20
Q

Fair experiments include…

A
  • Large sample size
  • Random selection
  • Reporting experiments publicly so that they can be replicated
  • Double blind testing
21
Q

What are the principles of experimentation?

A
  • Plan and design the experiment
  • Be aware of safety procedures
  • Select organisms at random
  • Use a large enough sample size
  • Use a control group
  • Use double-blind testing
  • Change one factor at a time
  • Measure changes
  • Analyse the results
  • State the possible sources of error
  • Repeat the experiment
22
Q

What is an experiment?

A

An experiment is a controlled test.

23
Q

What is independent variable?

A

The variable that is changed in the experiment

24
Q

What is dependent variable?

A

The dependent variable is the effect from the independent variable.

25
Q

What are constants?

A

Constants are elements that do not change.

26
Q

What is a controlled variable?

A

A controlled variable is a variable which could change, but aren’t allowed to.

27
Q

What are the two groups used in experiments?

A
  • A control group

- An experiment group

28
Q

What is a control group?

A

Having your experiment under normal conditions as they occur.

29
Q

What is an experimental group?

A

Variables that are changed throughout the experiment.

30
Q

What is a prediction?

A

The act of making an educated guess as to the outcome of a situation.

31
Q

What are the characteristics of a good experiment?

A
  • Have only 1 variable
  • Use a larger sample of variable
  • Use random selection
  • Repeat the experiment
  • Use double-blind testing
32
Q

What are three ethical issues associated with biology?

A
  • The use of captive animals in experiments
  • The origin of life
  • Cloning animals
33
Q

What is ethics in the terms of an experiment?

A

It relates to whether conduct is right or wrong.

34
Q

What is a double blind testing?

A

It means that both the investigator and the participant are unaware of the nature of the treatment the participant is receiving.

35
Q

What are safety procedures in relation to the experiment

A
  • Tie back long hair
  • Wear lab coats
  • Wear safety goggles when necessary
  • Report all accidents
36
Q

Why are the following important in experimentation:

  • Sample size
  • random selection
  • Replicates
  • Double-blind testing
A

It allows for a fair and more reliable experiment.

Biology (24 decks)

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