Enzymes

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism.

Question 2

What are enzymes?

Answer 2

protein (or organic/biological) catalysts.

Question 3

What element is found in enzymes?

Answer 3

Protein

Question 4

What are catalysts?

Answer 4

Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions.

Question 5

What type of catalysts are enzymes?

Answer 5

Enzymes are biological catalysts.

Question 6

What is solar energy?

Answer 6

Energy from the sun.

Question 7

What cellular energy?

Answer 7

Cellular energy is energy stored in the binds of bio-molecules.

Question 8

Where does all energy come from?

Answer 8

All energy comes from the sun.

Question 9

Why is the shape of an enzyme important?

Answer 9

Each enzyme’s active site is suitable for one specific type of substrate - just like a lock that has the right shape for only one specific key.

Changing the shape of the active site of an enzyme will cause its reaction to slow down until the shape has changed so much that the substrate no longer fits.

Question 10

What is a substrate?

Answer 10

A substrate is the substance in which an enzyme reacts with.

Question 11

What is a product?

Answer 11

A product is the substance the enzyme forms.

Question 12

What is the shape of enzymes?

Answer 12

It has a 3d globular structure.

Question 13

What decides the function of protein?

Answer 13

The sequence of amino acids and protein folds determines the function of the protein.

Question 14

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 14

The function of enzymes are to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 15

How do enzymes work?

Answer 15

Lower activation energy is needed to start a chemical reaction.

They work based in the enzyme/substrate complex.

Question 16

What is a substrate?

Answer 16

The substance on which an enzyme acts.

Question 17

What is a anabolic reaction?

Answer 17

Energy is taken to convert smaller molecules into larger ones.

An example of this is photosynthesis.

Question 18

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 18

Energy is taken to break down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

An example of this is respiration.

Question 19

What is the enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 19

The enzyme and the substrate bond forming an enzyme substrate complex.

Then the substrate reacts when this complex is formed
Then the bond breaks and the enzyme releases the products
Then the enzyme moves on to form other bonds.

Question 20

What is a inhibitor? and give an example

Answer 20

Inhibitors attach to enzymes and destroy their shape. When this happens, they become denatured.

An example of this is nerve gas.

Question 21

What is an example of a catabolic enzyme?

Answer 21

Amalase

Question 22

What are 2 things enzyme activity is affected by?

Answer 22

• Temperature
• pH
• Substrate concentration
• Enzyme concentration

Question 23

What is an immobilised enzyme?

Answer 23

An enzyme that is held in place and not free to diffuse through a solution

Question 24

What are the benefits of immobilized enzymes?

Answer 24

• They may be reused
• Easy to separate from subject
• The process is cheaper

Question 25

What are immobilised enzymes used for?

Answer 25

- To produce fructose from glucose | - To convert penicillin to different forms.

Question 26

What is Amylase produced by?

Answer 26

It is produced by salvia glands and the pancreatic gland.

Question 27

What is an example of an anabolic enzyme?

Answer 27

DNA Polymerase which repairs DNA

Question 28

What do anabolic enzymes do?

Answer 28

Anabolic enzymes converts simpler molecules into more complex molecules.

Question 29

How can you recognise an enzyme through the name of a chemical?

Answer 29

It has the suffix "-ase". For example, amylase or protease.

Question 30

What temperatures do human and plant enzymes work best at?

Answer 30

Human enzymes work best at 37 degrees while, plant enzymes work best at 20-30 degrees.

Question 31

What range of pH do enzymes work in?

Answer 31

They work in a pH of between 6-8.

Question 32

What is bio-processing?

Answer 32

Bio-processing is the use of enzymes controlled reactions to produce a product.

Question 33

What are two examples of products from bio-processing.

Answer 33

- Cheeses - Beer - Antibiotics - Vaccines - Methane gas - Food flavours - Vitamins - Perfumes

Question 34

What are the three ways to physically immobilise enzymes?

Answer 34

1. Adsorption - When enzymes are physically attacked to inactive supports as glass beads or ceramics. 2. Enclose in a membrane - When enzymes are kept within a membrane. 3. Trap in a gel - Sodium alginate is commonly used this allows substances in and produce the product.

Question 35

What are the two ways to chemically immobilise enzymes?

Answer 35

1. Bonded to a support - Enzymes chemically bonded to a support such as glass beads or ceramics. 2. Bonded to each other - Enzymes are chemically bonded to each other.

Question 36

What is an example of the use of an immobilised enzyme?

Answer 36

Immobilised glucose isomerase converts glucose into fructose which is used to sweeten drinks.