The cardiovascular system – Intro Flashcards
components of the cardiovascular system
- heart
- blood- atrial/venous
- blood vessels
blood vessels
heart > arteries > arterioles (small, branching, increasing resistance) > capillariese (blood & tissue exchange site) > venules > veins
functions of cardiovascular system
transport
regulation of CVS
septum
transport
brings 02 and nutrients —>cells
brings waste cell—-> kidneys and liver
hormones ,immune cell , clotting proteins —-> specific target cells
regulation of CVS
interacts with
nervous system
endocrine system
kidneys
septum
prevents mix of blood from either side
Interarterial
interventricular
function of cardiac muscle
-Rhythmic contraction & relaxation generates heart pumping action
contraction increases pressure within the chamber and pushes out blood into vasculature
relaxation allows heart to fill with blood
cardiac muscle properties
- smaller than skeletal
- sarcomeres striated
- Intercalated disks
- Atria & ventricles
- Aerobic muscle: 99% contractile cells and 1% auto-rhythmic cells
AV valves what is stands for left right features
Auto-ventricular
bicuspid (mitral valve)
tricuspid
Papillary muscles & chordae tendinae keep AV valves from averting
ANATOMY:
location
size
weight
- thoracic cavity
- fist
- 250-350g
ANATOMY:
chambers
2 atria (receives venous blood) 2 ventricles (pump blood)
ANATOMY:
layers …pericardium
membrous sac
lubrication=reduces friction
Pericarditis – inflammation
ANATOMY:
layers …myocardium
heart wall 3 LAYERS: Endocardium (endothelial cells) Myocardium ( cardiac muscle) Epicardium (Ex. Membrane connective tissue)
Vasculature:
arteries
pressure reservoir – stretch & recoil
expand=systole
recoil=diastole
low compliance
Vasculature:
arterioles
Resistance vessels
Regulate blood pressure
vasculature:
continous capillaries
- tight junctions between their endothelial cells along with intercellular clefts
- water soluble molecules (glucose) can pass thru
- large gaps for proteins and blood vessels
vasculature:
Fenestrated capillaries
small pores to increase the flow of nutrients, waste and other substances.
In kidneys, bone marrow, liver, intestines
preforated lining
vasculature:
Exchange across capillary walls
diffusion - Lipophilic (across membrane) and Lipophobic (pores)
Transcytosis- exchangeable proteins
mediated transport - in brain
vasculature :
veins
high compliance
volume reservoirs
vasculature :
venules
thin walls
Blood flow through CVS:
valves
Semilunar valves
AV valves
Aortic (L)
Pulmonary (R)
function of valves
prevent back flow of blood
Open passively – based on pressure gradient
Pulmonary <-> Systemic
in series happens
simultaneously
Pulmonary <-> Systemic:
Parallel blood flow
- Aorta > arteries > arterioles > capillaries
- Allows independent regulation of blood flow to organs
- Capillaries > venules > veins
- Exception: portal systems (kidneys, GIT, liver)
Pathway
L vent > aorta>systemic circuit> vena cava>
R atrium> R vent > pulmonary art > pul. circuit>
pul. veins > L atrium > L ventricle
Intercalated discs
connect adjacent cardiac muscle cells.
function and location of Tricuspid Valve:
no. of cusps
seperates
opens to allow blood
- 3
- R atrium and R vent
- flow from RA to RV
function and location of Mitral Valve
no. of leaflets
seperates
opens to allow blood
- 2
- LA and LV
- flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
function and location of pulmonary Valve:
no. of leaflets
seperates
opens to allow blood
- 3
- RV from pulmonary art
- to be pumped RV to lungs(thru pulmon art) where it will recieve oxygen
function and location of Aortic Valve
no. of leaflets
seperates
opens to allow blood
- 3
- LV and aorta
- to leave the heart from the left ventricle through the aorta and the body.
